This article explores uncertainty in Claudian's late Antique Latin epic, the De Raptu Proserpinae. It first focuses upon areas of artistic provisionality, rhetorical inconsistency, and indeterminacy, then compares contrasts political poetry. suggests that mythological can be read as an acknowledgment of, detached reflection upon, uncertainties Claudian would have been familiar with one involved...

African arts stem from their themes of symbolism, functionalism and utilitarianism, which describe African art as quite multi-functional. This however does not say that some African art does not have its underlying aesthetic import. In Africa, by virtue of their belief system, their spiritual practices have led to the creation of new artistic imageries. This is in the sense that their various a...