The uphill transport of D-glucose in renal brush border membrane vesicles was correlated with the Na+ electrochemical gradient. Each component of the electrochemical potential, the membrane potential (outside positive) or the Na+ chemical gradient, when assayed independently, supported the concentrative uptake of the sugar. When the two components were combined, the rates of D-glucose uptake we...

The recent popularity of trail running and the use portable sensors capable measuring many performance results have led to growth new fields in sports science experimentation. Trail is a challenging sport; it usually involves uphill, which physically demanding therefore requires adaptation style. main objectives this study were initially three “low-cost” sensors. These low-cost can be acquired ...

The study of the physiological adaptations of skeletal muscle in response to eccentric (ECC) contraction is based on protocols in which exercise intensities are determined relative to the concentric (CON) reference exercise (as percentage of the CON maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2max). In order to use similar exercise protocols in rats, we compared the VO2 values during uphill (CON) and down...

A recent work [A. Lapolla and A. Godec, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 110602 (2020)] showed that among a pair of thermodynamically equidistant quenches from colder hotter initial state at fixed ambient temperature, the relaxation (uphill relaxation) is always faster, for dynamics close to stable minima. Here we show this not generically case open quantum systems with two or three energy levels. We find...

We model the action of muscle-tendon system(s) about a given joint as a serial actuator and spring. By this technique, the experimental joint moment is imposed while the combined angular deflection of the actuator and spring are constrained to match the experimental joint angle throughout the stance duration. The same technique is applied to the radial leg (i.e., shoulder/hip-to-foot). The spri...

Arboreal animals often move on surfaces with variable and steep inclines, but the changes in hindlimb muscle activity in response to incline are poorly understood. Thus, we studied the hindlimb muscle activity in the arboreal specialist, Chamaeleo calyptratus, moving up and down 45 degrees inclines and on a horizontal surface. We quantified electromyograms (EMGs) from nine hindlimb muscles, and...