Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) contain multiple horizontally acquired pathogenicity-associated islands (PAI) implicated in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. In a murine model of cystitis, type 1 pili-mediated bladder epithelial invasion and intracellular proliferation are key events associated with UPEC virulence. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which a conserved ...

Urinary tract infections are most commonly caused by uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (UPEC), which invade superficial bladder epithelial cells via a type 1 pilus-dependent mechanism. Inside these epithelial cells, UPEC organisms multiply to high numbers to form intracellular bacterial communities, allowing them to avoid immune detection. Bladder epithelial cells produce interleukin-6 ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a toxic free radical produced by neutrophils and macrophages in response to infection. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) induces a variety of defence mechanisms in response to NO, including direct NO detoxification (Hmp, NorVW, NrfA), iron-sulphur cluster repair (YtfE), and the expression of the NO-tolerant cytochrome bd-I respiratory oxidase (CydAB). The current study ...

The initial step in the establishment of a mucosal bacterial infection is the interaction of bacterial adhesive proteins with epithelial cells, an event that is often followed by invasion of the epithelial cell. Invasion of host cells has been proposed to provide bacterial pathogens with a means of escaping the harsh extracellular environment, where antibodies, complement, defensins, and other ...

Serum resistance is an important virulence marker in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) but its pattern with respect to commensal gastrointestinal strains is less studied. We compared the serum resistance pattern of UPEC with commensal strains in stool samples from healthy individuals. A total of 40 isolates of UPEC (test) and intestinal E. coli (control) each was obtained from patients of all age gr...

Escherichia coli is the primary cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the developed world. The major factors associated with virulence of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are fimbrial adhesins, which mediate specific attachment to host receptors and trigger innate host responses. Another group of adhesins is represented by the autotransporter (AT) subgroup of proteins. In this study, we identif...

Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), newborn meningitis, abdominal sepsis and septicemia. UTIs affect millions of women annually, and result in significant health care costs and morbidity worldwide. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the predominant urinary tract pathogen, causing up to 85% of UTIs. Despite appropriate therapy, recurrent episode of UTI are com...

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon in which antibiotic used to treat bacteria becomes useless due to resistance mechanism. Increased drug resistance and occurrence of Multiple Drug Resistance in bacteria specificity nosocomial and Urinary Tract Infection bacteria has reduced the possibilities of treating these infectious diseases. Efflux pumps are one of the major mechanism of MDR in bacteri...

Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and one the most common causes pyelonephritis. Interestingly, UPEC often found as non-pathobiont in gut flora. The transition from flora to pathogen for dependent upon flexible tropism, number virulence factors that aid UPEC’s colonization invasion tract. We recently demonstrated role E. aryl...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are important human infections. Understanding UTI pathogenesis is for combating the rise in treatment failure and recurrent