This paper presents an overview of elasto-plastic modelling of unsaturated soils. Alternative stress and strain variables that have been used in constitutive models for unsaturated soils are discussed. The use of an effective stress equation may simplify constitutive relations, but often result in a stress space that depends on the material state. In this case, the constitutive behaviour is emb...

Some, but not all, studies have suggested that high-fat diets promote colon carcinogenesis, possibly by stimulating the proliferative activity of colonic epithelium. Both the increase in colonic excretion of bile salts and of fatty acids that occur with an increase in fat ingestion have been implicated as stimuli of epithelial proliferative activity. In this study, we examined the role of activ...

The ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis synthesizes a wide variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Variations in growth temperature or the addition of sterols such as cholesterol or ergosterol alter the proportions of a number of unsaturated fatty acids. The pattern of substitution is complex when examined on the basis of individual fatty acids. A straightforward explanation is possible, h...

A novel PPh3O catalyzed bromophosphonium salt-mediated dibromination of α,β-unsaturated esters and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters has been developed. The products were obtained with good to excellent yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. This dibromination reaction is a good complement to the field of dibromination.

Isothiourea HBTM-2.1 catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition/lactonization of aryl- and alkenylacetic acids using α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated phosphonates as α,β-unsaturated ester surrogates, giving access to a diverse range of stereodefined lactones or enantioenriched functionalized diesters upon ring-opening.

We introduced efficient incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] and N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine, insect-derived elicitors of plant volatiles, in the common cutworms Spodoptera litura by the incubation of larval gut tissues with unsaturated (linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids) or saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) sodium salt,...

The aim of this work was to explore the ability of free arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and the unsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to modify calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function in rat pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. In contrast to palmitic acid, unsaturated fatty acids produced significant increases in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+...

The influence of lipids on gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication (i.e., metabolic cooperation) between Chinese hamster V79 cells was investigated. Unsaturated free fatty acids (oleate, linoleate, linolenate, palmitoleate, myristoleate, and arachidonate) inhibited metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-resistant, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient and 6-thi...

UNLABELLED The impact of an excess of fatty acids in the diet on cardiovascular diseases has been studied and discussed both in human and animal studies. Generally, excessive saturated fats increase the risk, while unsaturated fats are considered less harmful. Our aim was to perform an experimental study in order to analyze how fatty diet quality (unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acids) influenc...

Liver X receptors (LXR) alpha and beta play an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in hepatic bile and fatty acid synthesis, glucose metabolism, as well as sterol efflux. Studies with human embryonic kidney 293 cells indicate that unsaturated fatty acids interfere with oxysterols binding to LXR and antagonize oxysterol-induced LXRalpha activity. In this report, we eval...