Tail-biting is an abnormal behavior of multifactorial origin, that consists a major problem in modern pig industry. It has serious impact on both welfare and health status the pigs involved, as well economic profitability farm. considered to be adaptation poor environment triggered by plethora external internal risk factors interacting with each other. A great variation exists prevalence tail b...

Efficiency reflects a scenario of higher quality product with fewer resource inputs and less pollution discharge. In terms of a manufacturing firm, it means a win-win strategy in both economic and environmental categories. The paper extends the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) activity management by taking pollution discharge as undesirable outputs. After reviewing relative undesirable outputs DEA li...