AS FIRST PROPOSED BY David Barker (2) and now supported by numerous epidemiological and experimental studies (1, 12, 21), fetal undernutrition leads to permanent structural and physiological alterations resulting in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although epidemiological studies provide the basis for investigation into mechanisms linking birth weight and adult disea...

We have investigated the effects of embryo number and maternal undernutrition imposed either around the time of conception or before implantation on hepatic lipid metabolism in the sheep fetus. We have demonstrated that periconceptional undernutrition and preimplantation undernutrition each resulted in decreased hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation regulators, PGC-1α (P < 0.05), PDK2 (P < 0.01), and ...

The effects of pregnancy and undernutrition on endometrial gene expression were investigated in ewes fed all or half their maintenance requirements and killed on Day 14 of pregnancy or of the oestrous cycle. The endometrial expression of progesterone, oestrogen, oxytocin and interferon receptors (PR, ERalpha, OXTR and IFNAR, respectively), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, proliferating cell nuclear ant...

Recognizing that: • The global burden of maternal and child undernutrition remains unconscionably large, and is the single greatest constraint facing global development efforts. • A renewed and strengthened evidence base exists for a set of essential nutrition interventions that if effectively targeted to mothers and children from conception to two years of age, could prevent at least a quarter...

The relationship between nutrition and reproduction in sheep has been the subject of research in several international groups. This review will particularly focus on the effects of undernutrition on the potential causes of reproductive failure including abnormalities of the ovum or the embryo, luteal inadequacy and failure of the supply of progesterone to the uterus, or the mechanisms involved ...

Undernutrition during fetal and postnatal life is still a major problem in many low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income countries malnutrition may exist in cases of intrauterine growth retardation, as well as in chronic conditions such as anorexia nervosa and inflammatory bowel disease. Children adopted from developing countries are often chronically malnourished. Nutritional reha...

Growth patterns of populations in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have traditionally shown considerable variation, with the greatest difference lying between coastal and highland populations. While genetic differences in explaining these patterns cannot be excluded, the generally poor growth relative to western growth references is largely due to the complex interactive effects of undernutrition and inf...

BACKGROUND HIV/AIDS is associated with an increased burden of undernutrition among children even under antiretroviral therapy (ART). To treat undernutrition, WHO endorsed the use of Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) that can reduce case fatality and undernutrition among ART-naïve HIV-positive children. However, its effects are not studied among ART-treated, HIV-positive children. Therefore,...

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess nutritional status, dietary diversity and lifestyle risk factors associated with undernutrition in an institutionalised Sri Lankan elderly population. DESIGN The study was of cross-sectional design followed by a stratified sampling method. SETTING Twelve homes for the elderly recruited from six provinces in Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS A total of 311 ins...

BACKGROUND Research on trends in child undernutrition in Kenya has been hindered by the challenges of changing criteria for classifying undernutrition, and an emphasis in the literature on international comparisons of countries' situations. There has been little attention to within-country trend analyses. This paper presents child undernutrition trend analyses from 1993 to 2008-09, using the 20...