Among the most obvious but generally overlooked differences between printed documents and video presentations is the orientation of the display medium. Paper-based documents throughout the world historically have been and continue to be predominantly portrait-oriented — taller than they are wide — whereas television screens and computer monitors are predominantly landscape-oriented — wider than...

Peculiarities of the spatial behaviour of the dislocation lines resulting from scattering of coherent radiation from random and fractal rough surfaces are studied. The technique of optical correlation is proposed for diagnostics of phase singularities in a complex speckle field by comparing the correlation lengths of amplitude and intensity of the local fields. It is shown that the dislocation ...

The composition of a landscape is a fundamental indicator in land-cover pattern assessments. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a landscape composition indicator called 'landscape mosaic' as a framework for interpreting land-cover dynamics over a 9-year period in a 360,000 km2 study area in the southern United States. The indicator classified a land parcel into one of 19 possible lands...

Efficient survey methodologies that provide comprehensive assessment of reef condition are fundamental to coral reef monitoring. Current state-of-the-art techniques in coral reef assessment rely on highly trained scientific divers to measure indices of reef health (e.g., substrate cover, species richness, coral size, coral mortality). First-generation video mosaics were an innovative survey tec...

This article examines the capacity of management plans to respond conflicts arising in conservation planning and management. As a widely adopted policy tool for nature conservation, are often prepared situations with diverging interests. Our starting point is that these inevitably influence situations, emerging even though conflict resolution may not be their primary purpose. Inspired by Lucy S...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...

Walking is being promoted for health and transportation purposes across all climatic regions in the US and beyond. Despite this, an uncomfortable microclimate condition along sidewalks is one of the major deterrents of walking, and more empirical research is needed to determine the risks of heat exposure to pedestrians while walking. This study examined the effect of street trees and grass alon...