Adults can integrate multiple sensory estimates to reduce their uncertainty in perceptual and motor tasks. In recent studies, children did not show this ability until after 8 years. Here we investigated development of the ability to integrate vision with proprioception to localize the hand. We tested 109 4- to 12-year-olds and adults on a simple pointing task. Participants used an unseen hand b...

Grand Rationality is dead, long live Reason! The 1960's saw the heydays of Grand Rationality in social decision-making. The planning ideal of that period has been termed " comprehensive rational approach " (Benveniste, 1989), " design school " (Mintzberg, 1994), or " technical rationality " (Schön, 1991). That ideal of rationality crumbled, much due to its inherent weaknesses. Is there at prese...

Perceptual decision-making in which decisions are reached primarily from extracting and evaluating sensory information requires close interactions between the sensory system and decision-related networks in the brain. Uncertainty pervades every aspect of this process and can be considered related to either the stimulus signal or decision criterion. Here, we investigated the learning-induced red...

In this paper we give an overview of Knowledge Discovery (KD) and Information Extraction (IE) techniques on the World Wide Web (WWW). We intend to answer the following questions: What kind of additional uncertainty challenges are introduced by WWW setting to basic KD and IE techniques? What are the fundamental techniques that can be used to reduce such uncertainty and achieve reasonable KD and ...

With the advent of high-speed computation and the desire to analyze increasingly complex behavior in power systems, simulation techniques are gaining importance and prevalence. However, while simulations of large, interconnected power systems are feasible, they remain time-consuming. Additionally, the models and parameters used in simulations are uncertain, due to measurement uncertainty, the n...

making capital and investment is the main driving forces of economic development. based on the investment sensitivity to the changes of some of macro-economic variables and risk and uncertainty, the present study evaluated the effective factors on investment in private sector in iran during 1980-2007. at first, the uncertainty variables of real informal exchange rate, nominal interest rate and ...