TOFD technique is based on diffraction of ultrasonic waves on the tips of discontinuities instead of reflection on the interface of discontinuities. When ultrasound is incident at linear discontinuities such as crack diffraction takes place at its extremities in addition to the usual reflected wave. The diffracted energy is emitted over a wide angular range, presumed to originate at the extremi...

Tough pitch copper wire (99.97% Cu) is generally characterized by the spiral elongation number. The principle of the test is based on the influence of impurities on the recrystallization kinetics. Alternative non-metallographic techniques to characterize the recrystallization kinetics have been investigated in this study, such as differential scanning calorimetry (D.S.C.) and residual electrica...

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BACKGROUND Emotional states are often thought to drive excessive alcohol intake and influence the development of alcohol use disorders. To gain insight into affective properties associated with excessive alcohol intake, we utilized ultrasonic vocalization (USV) detection and analyses to characterize the emotional phenotype of selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats; an established animal m...

BACKGROUND Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by muroid rodents, including laboratory mice and rats, are used as phenotypic markers in behavioral assays and biomedical research. Interpretation of these USVs depends on understanding the significance of USV production by rodents in the wild. However, there has never been a study of muroid rodent ultrasound function in the wild and comparison...

We consider the ray limit of propagating ultrasound waves in three-dimensional bodies made from a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic material. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we simulate the propagation and proliferation of elastic rays using realistic angle-dependent reflection coefficients, taking into account mode conversion and ray splitting. For a few simple geometries, we analyze the long-time...

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are the most prominent vertical coupling process in the middle atmosphere, which occur during winter and are caused by the interaction of planetary waves (PWs) with the zonal mean flow. Vertical coupling has also been identified during the equinox transitions, and is similarly associated with PWs. We argue that there is a characteristic aspect of the autumn ...

UPV as non-destructive technique can effectively contribute to the low invasive in situ analysis and diagnosis of masonry elements related to the conservation, rehabilitation and strengthening of the built heritage. The use of non-destructive and non-invasive techniques brings all the times many advantages in diagnostic activities on pre-existing buildings in terms of sustainability; moreover, ...

Abstract It has been reported that in principle sludge and blockages in pipes can be detected and characterized by using ultrasonic guided waves. The model idealised the sludge to be an asymmetrically uniform layer that is well bonded to the internal surface of the pipe wall. However, in practice, sludge layers normally have a very irregular shape, an asymmetrical circumferential profile and al...

In this research, the sensitivity distribution properties of a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) to ultrasonic waves were investigated employing the surface attachment method. A careful consideration was taken and examined by experimental results to explain that the distances and angles between the sensor and ultrasonic source influence not only the amplitudes, but also the initial pha...