Most PWRs have penetrations in the RPV lower heads for in-core nuclear instrumentation. These generally are made of nickel-based Inconel Alloy 600. Weld materials typically 82/182. Operating conditions PWR plants causing alloys cracking through a process called primary water stress corrosion (PWSCC). In 2003, licensee South Texas Project Unit 1 (STP-1) identified apparent boron deposits on head...

The optimization problem of ultrasonic testing instrument is studied in this paper. Using ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology to detect quality of products or parts, because the function of conventional ultrasonic testing instruments is custom-built and defined by manufacturers, it is very difficult to meet ever-changing testing requirements such as testing accuracy, testing efficiency...

HIFU power measurement At ultrasonic laboratory of INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica) it is possible to measure the ultrasonic power emitted by HIFU (High Intesity Focused Ultrasound) transducers. Two different measuring systems for the determination of ultrasonic power have been developed. Both systems are based on the radiation force balance method. The first system is based on...

abstract introduction: scaling and root planing is one of the most commonly used procedures during periodontal treatments. removal of calculus using conventional hand instruments is incomplete and rather time consuming. to find more efficient and less difficult instrumentation method, investigators have proposed lasers as an alternative or adjunct to hand instruments for scaling and root planin...

The spectrum matching and correlation characteristic are both important in the multiple-user ultrasonic ranging system. As people know, an ultrasonic ranging system, which has a bell-shaped magnitude spectrum, acts like a band-pass filter. If the spectrum of the excitation signal does not match that of the ultrasonic ranging system, some of energy cannot be transmitted by the ultrasonic system....

Ultrasonic energy is used for applying severe plastic deformation on metal surfaces. In the present work, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the formability, microhardness and microstructural proper...

Ultrasonic transducers play a significant role in generating and receiving the acoustic waves in ultrasonic flowmeters. Depending on the required accuracy, the ultrasonic transducers can be installed either in one pair or more in an ultrasonic flowmeter. The main part of an ultrasonic transducer is its piezoceramic element. In this work, four piezoceramic elements with different diameter to thi...

In this study, the effectiveness of two conventional UV reactors in series for the online sterilization of cheese whey was compared to that of a single conventional reactor. The single reactor and the two reactor series were tested at eleven flow rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mL min ) and five flow rates, (35, 40, 50, 60, 70 mL min ), respectively. 100% destruction efficie...

Due to its structure, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) is a slowly biodegradable substance, hydrolysing in acid environment to ammonium and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is toxic under normal conditions for biological treatment processes. Following an adaptation, a formaldehyde concentration of 1000 mg·l may become biodegradable both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Acidic conditions for hydrolysi...