The current sources which are normally used in research laboratories are not suitable for low noise measurement systems because of the unacceptable level of low frequency noise which they introduce in the measurement chain. The most important source of low frequency noise in such instruments is the solid state device (usually a Zener diode) which is used as voltage reference. By using a novel c...

Lifetime and form factor are two critical concerns for emerging sensor platforms, particularly for applications such as implantable medical devices. The limited energy from power sources, typically either microfabricated batteries or scavenged energy, remains one of the biggest challenges for such platforms. Reducing power consumption can lower system volume and extend lifetime. To achieve very...

In this chapter, we present the definition and principles of ultra-low bit-rate coders. Here the emphasis is to point to the fact that this class of coders is typically the ‘vocoders’, which are ‘parametric’ coders that are essentially linear-prediction (LP) based vocoders. This is in contrast to the ‘waveform’ coders, which operate at the higher bit-rates. Among the various frameworks employed...

an oil and gas well cementing in gachsaran formation, where sustained annular pressure has been reported in many wells, presents a big challenge in maroon field. the main challenges are preventing gas migration and achieving zonal isolation using a competent cement sealant system which is able to withstand downhole stresses and high temperatures during production cycles. unlike conventional cem...

structural steels with very high strength levels are often referred to as ultrahigh-strength steels (uhss). the usage of uhss has been extensively studied in aerospace industries and offshore platforms. in this study, medium carbon low alloy steel (ams6305) was thermomechanicaly treated to obtain an ultra-high strength bainitic steel for aircraft engine compressor disk. a novel themomechanical ...

In this paper we present novel ultra-low-voltage and high-speed CMOS NAND and NOR gates. For supply voltages below 500mV the delay for an ultra-low-voltage NAND2 gate is approximately 10% of a complementary CMOS inverter. Furthermore, the delay variations due to mismatch are much lesser than for conventional CMOS. Differential domino gates for AND2/NAND2 and OR2/NOR2 operation are presented. Ul...

We show GHz modulation in a 2.5 microm radius silicon micro-ring, with only 150 mV peak-peak drive voltage and an electro-optic modal volume of only 2 microm(3). The swing voltage and the micro-ring modulator are the smallest demonstrations so-far in silicon. The presented approach lays the ground work for a new class of high speed low voltage modulators enabling, seamless integration of nanoph...