Mutations in the 5' or posterior murine Hox genes (paralogous groups 9-13) markedly affect the formation of the stylopod, zeugopod and autopod of both forelimbs and hindlimbs. Targeted disruption of Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 or Hoxa10, Hoxc10 and Hoxd10 result in gross mispatterning of the radius and ulna or the femur, respectively. Similarly, in mice with disruptions of both Hoxa13 and Hoxd13, develop...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) before insertion and at 18 months of use of etonorgestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants. METHODS One hundred and eleven women, 19-43 years of age, were randomly allocated to two groups: 56 to etonorgestrel and 55 to levonorgestrel. BMD was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal ra...

Background Various deformities can occur in the forearm bones when the traumatically dislocated radial head is untreated for a long period. Without correction of all deformities, reduction of the dislocated radial head is difficult to maintain, and forearm and elbow motion will deteriorate after reduction. We evaluated radiographic parameters of forearms with traumatically dislocated radial hea...

Displaced fractures of the forearm in children are often treated conservatively, but there is a relatively high incidence of redisplacement, malunion and consequent limitation of function. We have performed percutaneous Kirschner (K) wire fixation in 72 such children under the age of 14 years, of which 57 were reviewed for our study. Both the radius and ulna were fractured in 45 (79%), the radi...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of Monteggia injuries remains controversial. The current study biomechanically explored the pathological changes during Monteggia fractures using finite element analysis. METHODS Two cadaveric forearm specimens underwent computed tomography in both the prone and supine positions. The images were imported to Mimics to construct three-dimensional images. The obtained...

PURPOSE To review the outcome of wide resection and wrist fusion through centralisation of the ulna for recurrent giant cell tumour (GCT) of the distal radius in 10 patients. METHODS Records of 7 women and 3 men aged 25 to 40 years who underwent wide resection and wrist fusion through centralisation of the ulna for grade I (n=6) and grade II (n=4) recurrent GCT of the distal radius were revie...

OBJECTIVE To assess movement of ulnar segments radiographically, following proximal and midshaft ulnar osteotomy or ostectomy after arthroscopic treatment for dogs diagnosed with medial coronoid disease. METHODS Fragmentation and cartilage wear were treated arthroscopically and the presence of incongruity confirmed. Osteotomies were performed at the mid-point or proximal third of the length o...

The ranges of pronation/supination of forearms in raccoons, raccoon dogs and red pandas were nondestructively examined. Three carcasses of each species were used for CT analysis, and the left forearms were scanned with a CT scanner in two positions: maximal supination and maximal pronation. Scanning data were reconstructed into three-dimensional images, cross-sectional images were extracted at ...

Sixteen fresh-frozen adult human cadaveric upper extremities were used in a biomechanical analysis of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. The relative contribution to stability of the DRUJ by the surrounding anatomic structures presumed to stabilize the joint was analyzed with respect to forearm rotation and wrist flexion and extension using a purpose-built 4-axis materials testing machin...

Open reduction combined with ulnar osteotomy is the most common approach to treating missed Monteggia injuries. The osteotomy is usually performed at the proximal ulna to ensure better healing and fewer complications. The purpose of this study is to present a center of rotation angulation (CORA)-based osteotomy of the ulna for treating Bado type I Monteggia injuries.We retrospectively reviewed ...