Flock house virus (FHV), a bipartite RNA virus of insects and a member of the Nodaviridae family, shares viral replication features with the tripartite brome mosaic virus (BMV), an RNA virus that infects plants and is a member of the Bromoviridae family. In BMV and FHV, genome packaging is coupled to replication, a widely conserved mechanism among positive-strand RNA viruses of diverse origin. ...

Six genes, including UL32, have been implicated in the cleavage and packaging of herpesvirus DNA into preassembled capsids. We have isolated a UL32 insertion mutant which is capable of near-wild-type levels of viral DNA synthesis; however, the mutant virus is unable to cleave and package viral DNA, consistent with the phenotype of a previously isolated temperature-sensitive herpes simplex virus...

This is a literature review of the most commonly available wine packaging categories. includes glass bottles, polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PET), bag-in-box (BIB), aluminum cans, and Tetra Pak. description history each category. In addition, market share environmental impacts category are discussed. Special attention paid to reported impact on packaged flavor aroma for type. Finally, pote...

We present an overview of comparative genomics of ATP-dependent DNA packaging systems of viruses. Several distinct ATPase motors and accessory proteins have been identified in DNA-packaging systems of viruses such as terminase-portal systems, the 29-like packaging apparatus, and packaging systems of lipid inner-membrane-containing viruses. Sequence and structure analysis of these proteins sugge...

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) requires the packaging of human tRNALys3 as a primer for effective viral reverse transcription. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) suppresses the packaging efficiency of tRNALys3. Although the binding of GAPDH to Pr55 gag is important for the suppression mechanism, it remains unclear which domain of GAPDH is ...