Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) with immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) combined with protein identification by mass spectrometry (MS) is currently the workhorse for proteomics. In spite of promising alternative or complementary technologies (e.g. multidimensional protein identification technology, stable isotope labelling, protein or antibody arrays) that have emerged recently, 2-DE is...

We have previously identified proteins in fractions of culture filtrate ofMycobacterium tuberculosis with the capacity to induce cytokine production in monocytes, by using a technique we defined as "monocyte Western blotting" (immunoblotting). In this series of experiments, we have extended this technique to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have identified a novel 58-kDa protein ofM. tub...

The two-dimensional electrophoretic method with silver staining we describe better resolves plasma apolipoproteins (apo) than any procedure previously described. It can be used to screen for abnormalities in apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoD, apoE, and apoH. In addition, this is the first presentation of apoD and apoH on two-dimensional gels. This electrophoretic method will per...

In this study, we examined yeast proteins by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and gathered quantitative information from about 1,400 spots. We found that there is an enormous range of protein abundance and, for identified spots, a good correlation between protein abundance, mRNA abundance, and codon bias. For each molecule of well-translated mRNA, there were about 4,000 molecules of pro...

The two-dimensional blue native/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) is a method of choice for the investigation of protein complexes. This highly resolvent separation method is unique in that it facilitates the identification of many protein complexes simultaneously. Because of its simplicity and suitability, the 2D BN/SDS-PAGE can be now applied to a wide...

A two dimensional electrophoretic method is described for the routine clinical analysis of urinary proteins. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis is used for the first dimension, and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) electrophoresis for the second dimension, the latter being performed together with gel staining (Coomassie Blue) on the „Phast System". The Separation media are supplied äs "ready-to-use"...

One third of all genes of various organisms encode membrane proteins, emphasizing their crucial cellular role. However, due to their high hydrophobicity, membrane proteins demonstrate low solubility and a high tendency for aggregation. Indeed, conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), a powerful electrophoretic method for the separation of complex protein samples that applies iso...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) is the leading technique to separate individual proteins in biological samples with many biological and pharmaceutical applications, e.g., drug development. The technique results in an image in which the proteins appear as dark spots on a bright background. The analysis of these images is very time consuming and requires a large amount of manual work. ...

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) is a powerful and widely used method for the analysis of complex protein mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other biological samples. This technique sort’s protein according to two independent properties in two discrete steps: the first-dimension step, isoelectric focusing (IEF), separates proteins according to their isoelectric points (pI); the se...