This study investigates how social media creators navigate and respond to severe cases of ongoing, networked harassment. Drawing on 19 in-depth interviews with Twitch streamers who experienced a form harassment known as “hate raids” the platform, including three built shared tools combat these attacks, this analysis pays particular attention nature coordination responses extent which creators’ ...

The structure of the triadic junction in frog slow fibers has been studied and compared with that of twitch fibers. The junct ional gap is wider (by approximately 13 %) in slow fibers. The junct ional feet have the same size and disposition as in twitch fibers, al though the size and shape of the junct ional areas are different. I t is concluded that the role of triads in slow fibers is the sam...

When the subject occasionally emitted an invisibly small thumb twitch (detected electromyographically), he received a tone as a signal to press a key. After several conditioning sessions, the tone was progressively diminished to zero. The subject nevertheless continued to press the key whenever he emitted a thumb twitch, and he reported that he still heard the tone.

Calyculin A was used to examine the importance of phosphatases in the modulation of cardiac contractile magnitude in the absence of any neural or humoral stimulation. Protein phosphatase (PP)1 and PP2A activity, twitch contractions, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) transients, action potentials, membrane currents, and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity were measured in isolated mous...

The onset characteristics of pancuronium, tubocurarine and a mixture of these two neuromuscular blocking drugs were studied during the induction of neuromuscular blockade, using a train-of-four pattern of stimulation. Four characteristics of onset were defined: train-of-four fade = a reduction in the height of the fourth twitch greater than a reduction in the height of the first twitch; latent ...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the products of ATP hydrolysis on the fatigue process in rat gastrocnemius in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) were anesthetized and ventilated in a custom-built cradle fitted with a force transducer that could be placed into a 7-T NMR magnet. The muscle was stimulated continuously at 2 Hz for 20 min (n = 7). Isometric twitch fo...

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) suffer from inspiratory muscle weakness. However, the pathophysiology of inspiratory muscle dysfunction in PH is unknown. We hypothesized that weakness of the diaphragm, the main inspiratory muscle, is an important contributor to inspiratory muscle dysfunction in PH patients. Our objective was to combine ex vivo diaphragm muscle fiber contractility meas...

Cervical magnetic stimulation is a new technique for stimulating the phrenic nerves, and may offer an alternative to percutaneous electrical stimulation for assessing diaphragmatic strength in normal subjects and patients in whom electrical stimulation is technically difficult or poorly tolerated. We compared cervical magnetic stimulation with conventional supramaximal bilateral percutaneous el...

The effects of aging on motoneuron firing rates and muscle contractile properties were studied in tibialis anterior muscle by comparing results from six young (20.8 +/- 0.8 yr) and six old men (82.0 +/- 1.7 yr). For each subject, data were collected from repeated tests over a 2-wk period. Contractile tests included maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with twitch interpolation and stimulated twi...

Muscle fatigue induced by consecutive twitches or tetani was studied in single skeletal muscle fibers of the frog, Rana japonica. The fatigue by twitch appeared sooner after the start of stimulation at lower temperatures (2-5 degrees C) than at higher ones (15-20 degrees C), while the fatigue by tetanus appeared sooner at higher temperatures. When a twitch-fatigued fiber was bathed in a solutio...