The paper introduces a new laser interferometry-based sensor for diagnosis of random media by means of high accuracy angle measurements and describes the results of its development and testing. Theoretical calculations of the dependence of the range of the laser interferometer on laser beam parameters, device geometry, and atmospheric turbulence characteristics are reported. It is demonstrated ...

A phenomenology of isotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence subject to both rotation and applied magnetic field is presented. It is assumed that the triple correlation decay time is the shortest between the eddy turn-over time and the ones associated to the rotating frequency and the Alfvén wave period. For Pm=1 it leads to four kinds of piecewise spectra, depending on four parameters: in...

Nonlinear energy transfer and dissipation in Alfvén wave turbulence are analyzed in the first gyrokinetic simulation spanning all scales from the tail of the MHD range to the electron gyroradius scale. For typical solar wind parameters at 1 AU, about 30% of the nonlinear energy transfer close to the electron gyroradius scale is mediated by modes in the tail of the MHD cascade. Collisional dissi...

Scaling laws for planktonic contact and capture rates in turbulent environments are obtained in terms of basic parameters for the problem. Enhanced turbulence levels increase the encounter rate but can, on the other hand, also be too large by reducing the capture probability. The results thus indicate an optimum intermediate turbulence level for the predator capture rate. Probability densities ...

While in Paper I of four papers a revised columnar high-order modelling approach to investigate gas-aerosolturbulence interactions in the convective boundary layer (CBL) was deduced, in the present Paper II the model capability to predict the evolution of meteorological CBL parameters is demonstrated. Based on a model setup to simulate typical CBL conditions, predicted first-, secondand thirdor...

We present first results of a simultaneous atmospheric turbulence measurement campaign at the Calar Alto (Spain) 1.23 m and 3.5 m telescopes. A SCIDAR instrument and the Calar Alto Adaptive Optics system ALFA were used at the 1.23 m and 3.5 m telescopes respectively to determine essential turbulence parameters like the Fried parameter r 0 , the isoplanatic angle θ 0 , and, in the case of SCIDAR...

Fluid turbulence is commonly modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations with a large Reynolds number. The simulation of turbulence model is known to be very difficult. We study artificial spectral viscosity models that render the simulation of turbulence tractable. The models introduce several parameters. We show that the models have solutions that converge, in certain parameter limits, to solution...

It is generally accepted that relativistic jet outflows power the nonthermal emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN). The composition of these jets – leptonic versus hadronic – is still under debate. We investigate the microphysical details of the conversion process of the kinetic energy in collimated relativistic pair outflows into radiation through interactions with the ambient interstella...

This study is concerned with a film cooling technique applicable to the protection of the endwalls of a gas turbine vane. In the experiments, cross-injection coolant flow from two-row, paired, inclined holes with nonintersecting centerlines was utilized. The test model is a scaled two-half vane. The levels of turbulence intensity used in the experiments are T.I. = 1.8%, 7%, and 12%. Other param...

Although turbulence is usually considered to be the primary cause of image blur, simultaneous and independent measurements of overall atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) and turbulence MTF over fairly long horizontal paths at 15-m average elevation indicate that, even at midday, aerosol MTF deriving from forward scatter is usually more dominant than turbulence MTF. Three different ex...