Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a tumor syndrome caused by mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC tumorigenesis is not always accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Recently, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) has been found activated in TSC lesions lacking TSC1 or TSC2 LOH. Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2...

mTORC1 promotes cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors. Insulin activates mTORC1 through the PI3K-Akt pathway, which inhibits the TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7 complex (the TSC complex) to turn on Rheb, an essential activator of mTORC1. However, the mechanistic basis of how this pathway integrates with nutrient-sensing pathways is unknown. We demonstrate that insulin stimulates acute dissoc...

BACKGROUND Formation of an intraluminal microbial biofilm is noted to play a significant role in the development of catheter-related infections (CRIs). Recently, it has been demonstrated that trisodium citrate (TSC) has superior antimicrobial effects over heparin for catheter locking. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the influence of catheter locking with heparin and TSC on the ...

The optimal coordinated tuning of a group of Static Var Compensators (SVC), in steady state, allows the Power Electric Systems (PES) to operate close to their overload limits, maintaining the voltage stability in several operating conditions. The mentioned tuning problem was considered as a Multiobjective Optimization Problem (MOP) with three objectives to optimize: the financial investment for...

Introduction: Multilevel converters are finding considerable attention in academia and industry as one of the preferred choices for high power conversion applications, such as traction drives, active filters, reactive power compensators, photovoltaic power conversion, uninterruptible power supplies, static compensators and flexible AC transmission systems. In general, multilevel converters are ...

The ability of compensators (e.g., bow-tie filters) designed for kV cone-beam computed tomography (CT) to reduce both scatter reaching the detector and dose to the patient is investigated. Scattered x rays reaching the detector are widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges to cone-beam CT imaging performance. With cone-beam CT gaining popularity as a method of guiding treatmen...

We investigate basic properties of the set of observer-based state-space compensators (OBCs). In particular, we are interested in how much of this set is occupied by its OBC members. We examine both classical OBCs and generalized OBCs, as developed in [D. Cobb, SIAM J. Control Optim., 50 (2012), pp. 1921–1949]. We perform our analysis for both real and complex compensators. In every case, we sh...

Both the Doob-Meyer and the Graversen-Rao decomposition theorems can be proved following an approach based on predictable compensators of discretizations and weak-L technique, which was developed by K.M. Rao. It is shown that any decomposition obtained by Rao’s method gives predictability of compensators without additional assumptions (like submartingality in the original Doob-Meyer theorem or ...

The DAMOCLES project established a Data Monitoring Committee Charter which has been widely used for randomised controlled trials since 2005. As established within DAMOCLES, the DMC is typical advisory, making recommendations to another executive body; considered the Trial Steering Committee. No evidence-based Charter exists for TSCs to establish their role and functionality in RCTs. The MRC Gui...

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are very common in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Autism is present in up to 60% of these patients, and TSC accounts for 1-4% of all cases of autism. In this study, we illustrate a 27 year-old female patient with TSC, autism, and renal angiomyolipomas, in whom everolimus treatment was associated with improvement in behavioral deficits. She took part in an everolimus...