Trough (predose) voriconazole concentrations in plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of lung transplant recipients receiving oral voriconazole preemptive treatment were determined. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) ELF/plasma ratio was 12.5 ± 6.3. A strong positive linear relationship was noted between trough plasma and ELF voriconazole concentrations (r(2) = 0.87), suggesting ...

Background: Determination of cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) in dried blood spots (DBS) could enable drug monitoring in transplanted patients without the necessity of having to take venous blood samples. Therefore, we have developed a method for quantitative determination of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS). Methods: In a study with...

Artemis, a unique 2600-km-diameter circular feature on Venus, defies geomorphic classification as a corona, crustal plateau, or volcanic rise. Artemis is similar in size to plateaus and rises, yet topographically resembles a corona. Geologic mapping using correlated digital remote data sets including NASA Magellan C1-, C2-, and Fscale synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, altimetry, and synth...

THE existence of an electrical potential in the vertebrate eye, with the cornea positive to the fundus, was demonstrated over a century ago (Du Bois-Reymond, 1849). This potential, the standing or corneo-fundal potential, is often described as a steady potential to distinguish it from the rapidly oscillating potential of the electroretinogram. It is not, however, a truly steady potential, but i...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin hydrochloride treatment failure for infections caused by susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has prompted recent guidelines to recommend a higher vancomycin target trough of 15 to 20 microg/mL. METHODS A prospective cohort study of adult patients infected with MRSA was performed to determ...

was vacuum-formed from one piece of clear tenite (Lus-Trus Corporation, Ypsilanti, Michigan). The trough is 5 cm wide, 10 cm deep, and filled with water to a depth of 5 cm. The trough is rotated 2 rpm on a turntable in a darkened chamber. The alternative of rotating the stimulus light, photoconductors, and electrodes around the stationary trough seemed less convenient. The stimulus light is a d...

An assemblage of huge parallel troughs, individually up to 200 km wide and hundreds of kilometers long, forms a belt 500 km wide extending for 2700 km E 15øS through the Tithonius Lacus-Coprates region of equatorial Mars. Some troughs are closed depressions more than 3 km deep, and the maximum trough depth may approach 6 km. These troughs, heading just southeast of the huge Tharsis volcanic rid...

epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. we investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank de...

The dryline is a prominent feature of the northern Australian environment. Recently, Arnup and Reeder (2007) constructed a low-level climatology of the northern Australian dryline from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s operational Limited Area Prediction System (LAPS) (Puri et al. 1998) forecasts and automatic weather station (AWS) observations. They suggested that the dryline develops as ...

Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of once-a-day pediatric zonisamide (ZNS) monotherapy were investigated in 72 children (range, 3 months to 15 years; mean age, 8 years and 3 months) with cryptogenic localization-related epilepsies with simple, complex, or secondarily generalized partial seizures; none had prior epilepsy treatment. ZNS was initiated at 2mg/kg; daily dosage was doubled at wee...