This article deals with the historical antecedents of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) School of Tropical Medicine (STM) under the auspices of Columbia University. It presents a general view of the social, institutional and conceptual factors that were correlated with the establishment of the STM. The authors start by examining the historical continuities and discontinuities present during t...

The onset and prevalence of Campylobacter colonization in broilers and layers at commercial farms with low biosecurity in tropical climates were tested. Despite the presence of positive animals at the same farms, the broiler flocks tested negative until, on average, 21 days. Prelaying flocks showed a higher prevalence than laying flocks.

The ocean and atmosphere are in constant exchange of heat, water, and momentum. The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere adds shades and rhythms in the structure of tropical climate. Ocean-atmosphere interaction research has experienced rapid growth in studying El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and yielded tremendous benefits by enabling and improving the prediction of ENSO and important ...

The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that...

Land-based seismic observations of double frequency (DF) microseisms generated during tropical storms Ernesto and Florence are dominated by signals in the 0.15-0.5 Hz band. In contrast, data from sea floor hydrophones in shallow water (70 m depth, 130 km off the New Jersey coast) show dominant signals in the ocean gravity-wave frequency band, 0.02-0.18 Hz, and low amplitudes from 0.18 to 0.3 Hz...

The long-term goals and objectives of this research are to develop a more complete physical understanding of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change processes. This year’s work focused on the following three areas: Determining the three-dimensional asymmetric dynamics of the TC core region; Testing hurricane maximum intensity theory; Analyzing the environmental influences on the intensification ...

Before the end of this century, tropical rainforests will be subject to climatic conditions that have not existed anywhere on Earth for millions of years. These forests are the most species-rich ecosystems in the world and play a crucial role in regulating carbon and water feedbacks in the global climate system; therefore, it is important that the probable impacts of anthropogenic climate chang...

The primary question to be addressed is to understand the mesoscale and microphysical differences between cloud clusters that do develop into tropical cyclones and those that do not. Because the problem is not just an issue of the differences of structure within the cloud cluster itself, but is also an issue of how the cloud cluster interacts with the surrounding large-scale environment, a two-...

1 Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 2 Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom, 3 Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend Hospital, Wales, United Kingdom, 4 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 5 Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford,...

Surveys of the physical aspects of landfalling tropical cyclones are important for at least three reasons: (a) to test the veracity of numerical surge models by comparison with topographically surveyed debris lines that mark the level of marine inundation, along with records from tide gauges; (b)to determine the relative contributions of surge, tide, wave action and wave run-up to the total mar...