This study analyzes a three-member ensemble of experiments, in which 0.1 Sv of freshwater was applied to the North Atlantic for 100 years in order to address the potential for large freshwater inputs in the North Atlantic to drive abrupt climate change. The model used is the GFDL R30 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. We focus in particular on the effects of this forcing on the...

West Africa exhibits decadal patterns in the behaviour of droughts and floods, creating challenges for effective water resources management. Proposed drivers prolonged shifts hydrological extremes include impacts land-cover change climate variability region. However, while future land-degradation or land-use are highly unpredictable, recent studies suggest that periods high-flows increasing flo...

Precipitation maxima during the West African summer monsoon propagate generally westward in tandem with African easterly waves. A heretofore unreported, repeating pattern of northward drift of precipitation maxima is detected on Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM satellite) time-latitude distributions of daily accumulations over the eastern tropical Atlantic. Corresponding 3-hourly TRM...

The response of the zonal-mean zonal winds in the tropical upper troposphere to thermal forcing in the Tropics is studied using an idealized general circulation model with 18 vertical levels and simplified atmospheric physics. The model produces a conventional general circulation, with deep easterly flow over the equator, when integrated using zonally invariant and hemispherically symmetric bou...

The climate of the stratosphere is known to be subject to long-term changes induced by anthropogenic emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) as well as by emissions of ozone depleting substances (primarily chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs). Enhanced concentrations of CFCs have led to strong ozone depletion over the last decades. Thanks to the Montreal Protocol and its amendments and adjustment...

Abstract Investigating Pacific Meridional Modes (PMM) without the influence of tropical variability is technically difficult if based on observations or fully coupled model simulations due to their overlapping spatial structures. To confront this issue, present study investigates both North (NPMM) and South PMM (SPMM) in terms associated atmospheric forcing response processes a mechanically dec...

Abstract In this study, we identified the origin of moisture associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) precipitation in North Atlantic Ocean basin during their three well-differentiated life stages between 1980 and 2018. The HURDAT2 database was used to detect location 598 TCs genesis, maximum intensification peak, dissipation phases. global outputs Lagrangian FLEXPART model were then determine s...

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and one most important variables in weather climate studies. Accurate reliable precipitation data are crucial for determining trends variability. In this study, eleven different datasets compared, six reanalysis five observational datasets, including ERA5 WFDE5 from ECMWF family, to quantify differences between widely used identify thei...

2 ABSTRACT Coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are analyzed with respect to their performance in the equatorial Atlantic. In terms of the mean state, 29 out of 33 models examined continue to suffer from serious biases including an annual mean zonal equatorial SST gradient whose sign is opposite to observa...

[1] Evidence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections in the southern high latitude climate has been identified, although the mechanisms that might lead to such far-reaching teleconnections remain unresolved. Here we propose one such mechanism-the regional mean meridional atmospheric circulation (the regional Ferrel Cell)-responsible for the covariability of the ENSO and Antarctic...