to promote their exports and get access to world market, many countries have adopted the policy of exports subsidies. subsidies are usually provided by governments or state bodies which cause adverse effects to the interests of another member of countries or disturb the process of free trade worldwide. world trade organization (wto) which is established on free and fair trade, has put limitatio...

Illegal goods are trafficked through couriers with whom legal contracts cannot be enforced. We model the problem of these couriers absconding and focus on a finite horizon problem in which trade cannot be sustained through reputational effects. Nonetheless, trade remains possible if there are sufficient gains. Optimal schemes have one courier making numerous, but a finite number of, return trip...

Most policymaking attention with respect to intellectual property barriers toCOVID-19 prevention, treatment and containment has been focused on patents.This focus is reflected in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ministerial Decisionon TRIPS Agreement, adopted 17 June 2022, which provides a limited waiverof rules compulsory licences for production of COVID-19 vaccines. Theoriginal WTO proposal...

This paper studies the effect of strengthening intellectual property rights (IPRs) after the signing of the TRIPS on agricultural trade, for the period 1995-2011. It uses data of agricultural exports and a new yearly index of intellectual property (IP) protection, for 60 developed and developing countries. Also, the paper studies bilateral trade links and the intensive and extensive margins of ...

Over the years, global politics has revolved around economic control to seize power and determine who gets what, when how. This is not farfetched in between United States China glaring trade war that aimed at dominating maintaining relevance. On this note, study examined Intellectual Property Rights US-China Trade Relations 2016 2022. The specifically investigated US theft claim of Secrets viol...