Current literature highlights the role of commercial centers in cities in generating shopping trips and transport carbon emissions. However, the influence of the characteristics of commercial centers on consumer travel behavior and transport carbon emissions is not well understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining shopping trips to eight commercial centers in Shenyang, China...

We study the effects of reforms in the legal scope of patent rights (PRs) on the international pattern of sectoral exports, before and after implementation of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement at the World Trade Organization (WTO), in a generalized factor-proportions framework. We find that, conditional on factor endowments and intensities, a country wi...

This paper reports results from a detailed travel diary survey of 2125 residents in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County - a mature, auto-oriented suburban region. Study areas were divided into four centres, typical of compact development or smart growth, and four linear, auto-oriented corridors. Results show substantial variation in the amount of walking across study areas. Trips are short...

Convenience markets with gasoline pumps have flourished throughout the United States in the past 10 years. The growing demand for self-service gasoline and convenience grocery goods, readily accessible with fast service, have fueled a boom in the convenience market business. As transportation engineers and planners, we are asked to determine the impacts of developments on the transportation sys...

Public transit provides important services for urban commuters and transit dependent population. A key objective of most public transit projects is to increase regional transit ridership and mode share. Traditional survey has been widely used by a transit project to estimate the change of ridership. In a large metropolitan area with multiple public transit modes, it is costly and difficult to c...

Abstract: The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) will usher in a markedly stronger global system of defining and protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs). This paper analyses TRIPS as a global regulatory device. It first discusses the concept of intellectual property and the need for its protection and regulation. It presents evidence on the wide variation...

Diminishing performance gains in conventional architectures are fueling novel designs which more effectively extract parallelism and have the potential to change the nature of architectural bottlenecks. Consequently, workload characterization is of a growing importance in the design of modern high performance computing architectures. However, the accurate performance evaluation necessary for wo...

Abstract— In this paper, a new model is proposed for optimal planning of daily charging and power delivering from/to the power system considering time schedule of trips for electric vehicles. In this model, trips are categorized in job, shopping, educational, and pleasure and possible times to charge/injection are considered based on type of trip and limitations of charging stations. In the opt...

This paper develops and tests algorithms for predicting the end-to-end route of a vehicle based on GPS observations of the vehicle’s past trips. We show that a large portion of a typical driver’s trips are repeated. Our algorithms exploit this fact for prediction by matching the first part of a driver’s current trip with one of the set of previously observed trips. Rather than predicting upcomi...

During the second semester of 2009, three trips were made from Olhão (Southern Portugal) to Stralsund (Northern Germany) carrying 2.122 animals, which included multiple teleosts, elasmobranchs and invertebrates. This group included scombrids, such as 1.869 Scomber japonicus and 9 Sarda sarda, which are notoriously difficult to transport. However, multiple adaptations to transport regimes adopte...