Trihalomethanes (THMs), a by-product of the chlorination of natural waters containing dissolved organic carbon and bromide, are the focus of considerable public health concern and regulation due to their potential as a carcinogen by ingestion. This paper presents a promising new water treatment process that lowers the concentration of bromide in drinking water and thus, lowers the THM formation...

The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer risks of trihalomethanes through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in selected regions in Lebanon are estimated. Existing trihalomethane concentrations do not pose any non-carcinogenic and developmental risks in the exposed population via oral ingestion. Among the three pathways, residents have a higher risk of ...

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramine, and ozone react with organic and inorganic matter in water. The observations that some DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs), di-/trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) are carcinogenic in animal studies have raised public concern over the possible adverse heal...

Johannesburg water is responsible for the supply and monitoring of drinking water supplied to the greater Johannesburg area. Part of this monitoring programme involves the determination of Trihalomethane (THM) levels and the comparison thereof against the limits stipulated in SANS 241. This paper demonstrates the approach used to determine the uncertainty of the analytical method associated wit...

Humic acid (HA) is a component of natural organic matter (NOM) with high molecular weight and complexity. The presence humic in water raises serious concerns due to its toxicity ability form carcinogenic trihalomethanes. Adsorption was shown be an effective method for the removal from various wastewater sources. Many adsorbents were feasible removing HA wastewater, including carbon-based activa...

This study analysed the spatial and temporal occurrence of 29 disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by chlorination chloramination.