We present evidence disputing the hypothesis that memories are processed or consolidated in REM sleep. A review of REM deprivation (REMD) studies in animals shows these reports to be about equally divided in showing that REMD does, or does not, disrupt learning/memory. The studies supporting a relationship between REM sleep and memory have been strongly criticized for the confounding effects of...

Introduction Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have an important role in pharmacotherapy of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). TCA dosing is aimed at achieving a concentration the therapeutic window. Due to inter-individual differences activity Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 2C19, (enzymes involved metabolism) patients require individualized dose. Currently, finding suitable dosage process trial-an...

Objective: Neuropathic pain arises from demage, or pathological changes in the peripheral central nervous system. The is difficult to treat as standard treatment with conventional analgesics doesn`t typically provide effective relief of pain.
 Methods: It was a one year study utilization and analysis prescriptions for PNDs (Painful neuropathic disorders). parameters evaluated were demograp...

The striatal protein Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-2 (RGS9-2) plays a key modulatory role in opioid, monoamine, and other G-protein-coupled receptor responses. Here, we use the murine spared-nerve injury model of neuropathic pain to investigate the mechanism by which RGS9-2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region involved in mood, reward, and motivation, modulates the actions of tri...

The objective of this study was to determine whether patients beginning therapy on the most common tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) differed in their likelihood of having antidepressant treatment that was consistent with recommended treatment guidelines in the UK. An analytical file constructed from a large general practitioner medical records...

AIMS The association between antidepressant use and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial, particularly in initially healthy samples. Given that antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now prescribed not only for depression, but also for a wide range of conditions, this issue has relevance to the general population. We assessed the associ...