The performance of simulated annealing (S-A) in nonlinear kinetic parameter estimation was studied and compared with the classical Levenberg /Marquardt (L /M) algorithm. Both methods were tested in the estimation of kinetic parameters using a set of three kinetic models of progressively higher complexity. The models describe the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol carried out in a small-scale...

Wet oxidation of phenol over an Fe/activated carbon catalyst has been studied in a trickle-bed reactor in the following operational window: inlet C phenol=0.5 and 1 g/L, T=100-127 ◦C, PT=3-8 atm, W=0-4.8 g, QL=0.125-2 mL/min and QO2=91.6 NmL/min. The experiments were carried out in the absence of mass transfer limitations. Oxidation and mineralization reactions of phenol are proven to take plac...

The performance of co-immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucoamylase was evaluated in a fluidized bed reactor. Soluble starch and yeast extract were used as feed stocks. The biocatalyst performed well and demonstrated no significant loss of activity or physical integrity during 10 weeks of continuous operation. The reactor was easily operated and required no pH control. No operational pr...

This article describes the use of biofilm reactors for the production of various chemicals by fermentation and wastewater treatment. Biofilm formation is a natural process where microbial cells attach to the support (adsorbent) or form flocs/aggregates (also called granules) without use of chemicals and form thick layers of cells known as "biofilms." As a result of biofilm formation, cell densi...

In this paper design and fabrication of compact fluidized bed gasifier with increased gas – solid interaction is proposed for automotive vehicle. The aim of the design is generate a nitrogen (N2) free product gas with low tars and fines content. Firstly a compact size gasifier with fluidized bed is designed and after that it fabricated. Design was done with the help of CATIA design/modeling sof...

A solid – liquid – gas, multiphase reactor, called Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (IFBBR) was used in this study for the treatment of starch industry wastewater of high organic content and acidic nature. Mixed culture obtained from the sludge, taken from starch industry effluent treatment plant, was used as microorganisms. Experiments were carried out in an Inverse fluidized bed bioreactor, a...

A solid – liquid – gas, multiphase reactor, called Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (IFBBR) was used in this study for the treatment of starch industry wastewater of high organic content and acidic nature. Mixed culture obtained from the sludge, taken from starch industry effluent treatment plant, was used as microorganisms. Experiments were carried out in an Inverse fluidized bed bioreactor, a...

Catalytic wet air oxidation is a promising alternative for the treatment of phenolic waste water which cannot be treated in conventional sewage plants. Catalytic wet air oxidation of an aqueous phenol solution was conducted in a ®xed bed reactor operating in trickle ̄ow regime. Either active carbon or a commercial copper oxide supported over -alumina was used as catalyst. The performance of bot...