This chapter describes the development of material-specific estimates of changes in forest carbon storage in EPA's Waste Reduction Model (WARM). It summarizes the approach used to estimate changes in forest carbon storage in managed forests resulting from source reduction and recycling of wood and paper products. Forests absorb (i.e., sequester) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and store it in...

Abstract. Trees provide many ecosystem services in cities such as urban heat island reduction, water runoff limitation, and carbon storage. However, the presence of trees street canyons reduces wind velocity limits pollutant dispersion. Thus, to obtain accurate simulations concentrations, aerodynamic effect should be taken into account air quality models at level. The Model Urban Network Inters...

BACKGROUND There are different street substance users' communities (SSUCs). Typology of SSUCs in Tehran, Iran was approached in this qualitative study. METHODS Using content analysis and saturation principles, 22 street-outreach workers were recruited and interviewed. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. FINDINGS Three types of SSUCs were identified. SSUCs were differ...

Urban particulate air pollution is a serious health issue. Trees within cities can remove fine particles from the atmosphere and consequently improve air quality and human health. Tree effects on PM2.5 concentrations and human health are modeled for 10 U.S. cities. The total amount of PM2.5 removed annually by trees varied from 4.7 tonnes in Syracuse to 64.5 tonnes in Atlanta, with annual value...

New streams of data enable us to associate physical objects with rich multi-dimensional data on the urban environment. This study presents how open data integration can contribute to deeper insights into urban ecology. We analyze street trees in New York City (NYC) with cross-domain data integration methods by combining crowd-sourced tree census data which includes geolocation, species, size, a...

ABSTRACT- In recent years, intensive drought has caused a severe yield reduction in rain-fed trees. Increasing runoff of low amount rainfall can be used to provide partial water requirement of rain-fed trees. To achieve this objective, some strategies including gravel removal (G), rill construction across to slope (R) and applying of baking soda (S) and their effects on runoff, rainfall infiltr...

This study compares two sets of measurements of the composition of bulk precipitation and throughfall at a site in southern England with a 20-year gap between them. During this time, SO(2) emissions from the UK fell by 82%, NO(x) emissions by 35% and NH(3) emissions by 7%. These reductions were partly reflected in bulk precipitation, with deposition reductions of 56% in SO(4)(2-), 38% in NO(3)(...

The effects of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, applied as BotaniGard ES, on newly colonised and well-established populations of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were evaluated in the field using foliar and trunk sprays in Michigan in 2004 2005. Results from field trials at a newly colonised white ash site showed a 41% reduction in A. planipennis population in fung...

The progressive reduction of the forest surface to enable land destined for other productive activities and its subsequent abandonment, allowed appearance fragments secondary forests, frequently dominated by carob trees. Prosopis alba that have been identified as a strategic biological resource Chaco Park, due characteristic multipurpose tree, which gives it high value management forests in are...

Shi, Biying. M.S., Purdue University, May 2015. Growth Parameters for 'Golden Delicious' Apple Trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Major Professor: Peter Hirst. High yield and high quality of tree fruit result from appropriate orchard design and management practices. This requires an accurate knowledge of vegetative growth, branching, and flowering processes of fruit trees. Tree development knowl...