Cluster analysis is a useful technique in multivariate statistical analysis. Different types of hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means have been used for data analysis in previous studies. However, the K-means algorithm can be improved using some metaheuristics algorithms. In this study, we propose simulated annealing based algorithm for K-means in the clustering analysis which we refer it a...

Indirect taxes on transportation activities that pollute can correct externalities and close the gaps between private and social costs. However, policy makers often find such Pigou taxes difficult to implement because of political resistance due to possibly adverse affects on equity. For this reason it is important to assess the distributional aspects of environmental levies. This article estim...