The technical advantages and possible indications for a transoral-transclival approach for low midline posterior circulation aneurysms are discussed. A case report using such a route is described. The prognosis of untreated vertebro-basilar aneurysms is briefly discussed.

Abstract Background To introduce a novel transoral instrumentation in the treatment of unstable fractures atlas. Methods From January 2008 to May 2018, 22 patients with C1 who received Jefferson-fracture reduction plate (JeRP) via approach were retrospectively analyzed. The case history and radiographs before after surgery noted. type fracture, position internal fixation assessed through preope...

Background Recently, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via the vestibular approach (TOETVA) has become popular worldwide.1–3 After controlling for technique, authors used to modified radical neck dissection (MRND) papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically positive lymph nodes in lateral compartments. To best of their knowledge, report first case TOETVA MRND. Patient A 27-year-old woman had a...