Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy that has evolved in viral, bacterial and protistan pathogens. In the African trypanosome this involves stochastic switches in the composition of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat, using a massive archive of silent VSG genes to change the identity of the single VSG expressed at a time. VSG switching is driven primarily by recombination re...

Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy that has evolved in viral, bacterial and protistan pathogens. In the African trypanosome this involves stochastic switches in the composition of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat, using a massive archive of silent VSG genes to change the identity of the single VSG expressed at a time. VSG switching is driven primarily by recombination re...

This paper proposes a novel decision making framework for optimal transmission switching satisfying the AC feasibility, stability and circuit breaker (CB) reliability requirements needed for practical implementation. The proposed framework can be employed as a corrective tool in day to day operation planning scenarios in response to potential contingencies. The switching options are determined ...

Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a spontaneous polarization, which can be reoriented with an applied electric field. The switching between polarized domains is mediated by nanoscale defects. Understanding the role of defects in ferroelectric switching is critical for practical applications such as non-volatile memories. This is especially the case for ferroelectric nanostructures an...

Resistive switching in transition metal oxides involves intricate physical and chemical behaviours with potential for non-volatile memory and memristive devices. Although oxygen vacancy migration is known to play a crucial role in resistive switching of oxides, an in-depth understanding of oxygen vacancy-driven effects requires direct imaging of atomic-scale dynamic processes and their real-tim...

In this paper, optical CDMA which combines the large bandwidth of the fibre medium with the flexibility of the CDMA technique to achieve high speed connectivity has been used. For achieving this purpose, OPPM signalling and switching techniques have been employed. This helps in the achievement of high tolerance to Multiple Access Interference, further resulting in improvement of both the Bit Er...

Cascading failures in power systems propagate non-locally, making the control and mitigation of outages extremely hard. In this work, we use the emerging concept of the tree partition of transmission networks to provide a complete analytical characterization of line failure localizability in transmission systems. Our results reveal that the “bridges” of the tree partition play a crucial role in...

A Ta/TaOx/Pt stacked capacitor-like device for resistive switching was fabricated and examined. The tested device demonstrated stable resistive switching characteristics including uniform distribution of resistive switching operational parameters, highly promising endurance, and retention properties. To reveal the resistive switching mechanism of the device, micro structure analysis using high-...

A detailed study of non-Bragg gap solitons in one-dimensional Kerr-metamaterial periodic and Fibonacci heterostructures is performed. The transmission coefficient is numerically obtained by considering the loss effects in the metamaterial slabs. A switching from states of no transparency in the linear regime to high-transparency states in the nonlinear regime is observed for both zero-order and...

Direct networks have become a popular way to interconnect processing nodes of todays larger commercial and research multiprocessors. The design of such direct networks is important, since it has a large eeect on the performance, cost, and the scalability of the system. The behavior of a direct network is determined primarily by how it does switching, routing and ow-control. This survey article ...