ECM: Extracellular Matrix; CAFs: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts; TLRs: Toll-like Receptors; Ig: Immunoglobulin; RAG: Recombination Activating Genes; TCA: Tri Carboxylic Acid; MCT: Monocarboxylate Transporter; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; HK2: Hexokinase 2; PET: Positron Emission Tomography; PFK-1: 6-Phosphofructo-1-Kinase; PK: Pyruvate Kinase; SPs: Specificity Proteins; GFs: Growth Factors; PDG...

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) present in tumor microenvironment acts in a coordinated fashion to either suppress or promote tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TGF-β1 on tumor microenvironment are not well understood. Our clinical data showed a positive association between TGF-β1 expression and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor mic...

Intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) severely disrupts gut barriers and leads to high mortality in the critical care setting. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a pivotal role in intestinal cellular and immune regulation. However, the effects of TGF-β1 on intestinal I/R injury remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on gut barriers after intestinal I/R and t...

BACKGROUND Adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy that occurs in white blood cells. The overall cure rate in children is 85%, whereas it is only 40% in adults. Kefir is an important probiotic that contains many bioactive ingredients, which give it unique health benefits. It has been shown to control several cellular types of cancer. PURPOSE The present study investigates the effec...

Changes in circulating levels of maternal serum transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), collected from 98 women (AGA) at different gestational ages (10-38 weeks) were measured and comparisons were made between levels in pregnant and nonpregnant controls and also between 10 women with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 7 with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) fetuses. Maternal serum TGF...

OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) controls the expression of numerous genes, including smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific genes and extracellular matrix protein genes. Here we investigated whether c-Src plays a role in TGF-beta1 signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS TGF-beta1 induction of the SMC contractile protein SM22alpha gene exp...

BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a critical role in promoting tumor growth. TGF-β1was found to be overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). We therefore tested our hypothesis that targeting TGF-β1 inhibits tumorigenesis of ATC cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Effects of TGF-β1 stimulation or TGF-β1 inhibition by small interfering RNA (TGF-β1siRNA...

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) and transforming growth factor β type 2 receptor (TGFBR2) are key components of TGF-β signaling and play an important role in vascular remodeling in placentation. Several polymorphisms have been identified in TGFB1 and TGFBR2 genes, including those associated with the regulation of TGF-β1 levels and TGF binding to its receptor. The decrease of TGF-β1 levels...

Transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-betas) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in development and maintenance of the nervous system. In several neural lesion paradigms, TGF-beta1 exerts potent neuroprotective effects. Neurons treated with TGF-beta1 activated the canonical TGF-beta receptor I/activin-like kinase receptor 5 (ALK5) pathway. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa...