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A lthough the internal mammary vessels remain the recipient vessels of choice in free flap breast reconstruction, the thoracodorsal vessels are still chosen for a variety of reasons. The use of the internal mammary artery as a recipient vessel is justified despite concern for future coronary revascularization. 1 The thoracodorsal vessels continue to be used because of surgeon preference and cas...

The conjugative transfer of F-like plasmids such as F, R1, R100 and pED208, between bacterial cells requires TraM, a plasmid-encoded DNA-binding protein. TraM tetramers bridge the origin of transfer (oriT) to a key component of the conjugative pore, the coupling protein TraD. Here we show that TraM recognizes a high-affinity DNA-binding site, sbmA, as a cooperative dimer of tetramers. The cryst...

Ca2þ-activated Kþ channels, such as BK and IK channels, have been proposed to fulfill pivotal functions in neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, and brain infiltration of glioblastoma cells. Here, the ionizing radiation (IR) effect of IK Kþ channel targeting was tested in human glioblastoma cells. IK channels were inhibited pharmacologically by TRAM-34 or genetically by knockdown, c...

UNLABELLED Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, such as BK and IK channels, have been proposed to fulfill pivotal functions in neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, and brain infiltration of glioblastoma cells. Here, the ionizing radiation (IR) effect of IK K(+) channel targeting was tested in human glioblastoma cells. IK channels were inhibited pharmacologically by TRAM-34 or geneticall...

PKC has been shown to play a key role in the effect of the Gram-negative bacterial product LPS; however, the target for PKC in LPS signaling is unknown. LPS signaling is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4, which uses four adapter proteins, MyD88, MyD88 adapter-like (Mal), Toll IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN(Trif), and Trif-related adapter molecule (TRAM). Here we show that TRAM is t...

TLR4 recruits TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM, also known as TICAM2) as a sorting adaptor to facilitate the interaction between TLR4 and TRIF and then initiate TRIF-dependent IRF3 activation. However, the mechanisms by which TRAM links downstream molecules are not fully elucidated. In this study, we show that TRAM undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation upon TLR4 activation and that is required ...

Conjugal transfer of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline-type Ti plasmid pTiC58 is induced by agrocinopines A and B, opines secreted by crown gall tumors induced by the bacterium. This regulation functions through the transcriptional repressor, AccR. However, actual transcription of the tra genes is regulated by autoinduction through the activator TraR and the substituted homoserine lactone ...

BACKGROUND Extensive pulp defects of the thumb, with the exposure of tendon or bone, are challenging reconstructive problems. Surgical treatment includes the use of local, regional, and free flaps. AIM This paper is focused in Foucher's neuro vascular flap. First DMCA or Foucher's pedicle flap is a successful thumb reconstruction method, especially in patients not disturbed by its cosmetic ap...