Abstract While the firm-level distributional consequences of market liberalization are well understood, previous studies have paid only limited attention to how variations in domestic institutions across countries affect winners and losers from opening up trade. We argue that presence coordinated wage-bargaining institutions, which impose a ceiling on wage increases, state-subsidized vocational...

Economic theory suggests that liberalization of trade between countries with differing levels of environmental protection could lead pollution-intensive industry to concentrate in the nations where regulations are lax. This effect, often referred to as the “pollution haven” hypothesis, is much discussed in theory, but finds only ambiguous support in empirical research to date. Methodologies use...

Making Sense of Bolkestein-Bashing: Trade Liberalization under Segmented Labor Markets Trade liberalization is often met with sharp opposition. Recent examples include the so-called ''Bolkestein'' directive, which allows service providers from a given EU member to temporarily work in another member country. One way to view such a reform is that it simply widens the range of goods that are trade...