Early life-stage bioassays have been used as an alternative to short-term adult toxicity tests since they are cost-effective. A single couple can produce hundreds or thousands of embryos and hence can be used as a simple high-throughput approach in toxicity studies. In the present study, zebrafish and sea urchin embryo bioassays were used to test the toxicity of four pharmaceuticals belonging t...

Toxicity tests of 95% ethanol extract of the root of Antidesma acidum were studied in male and female rats. The oral acute toxicity test at 5,000 mg/kg revealed that the ethanol extract did not produce toxic effects on signs, general behavious, mortality and gross appearance of internal organs of rats. Furthermore, the oral sub-acute toxicity test at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day displayed no sig...

Use of molluscicides in the attractant food pellet (AFP) is an effective method of snail control. Different concentrations of these molluscicides viz. Azadirachta indica bark powder, Allium sativum bulb powder, Polianthes tuberosa bulb powder, Annona squamosa seed powder, their active components azadirachtin, allicin, hecogenin, acetogenin; herbal molluscicide pestoban and a synthetic m...

The results of 9.5 years of official testing of vaccines containing pertussis vaccine, plain or adsorbed with alum, Al(OH)(3), or AlPO(4), are reported. Toxicity was evaluated by weight changes in mice at 3 and 7 days after injection and intercurrent deaths. Toxicity was encountered during the early use of AlPO(4) in pertussis vaccine products, with a special product and quadruple-antigen vacci...

Chlorinated textile effluents were tested for their toxicity using different bioassays. These assays were the Microtox assay, daphnia (Daphnia similis) 48-hr survival test, medaka embryo 14-day and juvenile 96-hr survival tests, and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) juvenile 96-hr survival test. By comparing the results of toxicity tests on water samples collected at the instream prior to the c...

During the summer of 1997, sediment core samples were taken at 25 stations in Santa Monica Bay. Toxicity testing was performed on 4-cm sections of the entire length of each core using purple sea urchin fertilization and amphipod survival tests. The sea urchin test identified sections as being toxic at six stations, all located near current or former Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) wastewater out...

This paper describes the basis for a water-only acute chironomid toxicity test guideline using first-instar larvae. The method is based on the OECD test guidelines for the acute Daphnia sp. immobilization test and the long-term tests with Chironomus sp., reflecting the common test procedures currently used by the European agrochemical industry. Development of this guideline proposal is importan...

To assess the problems posed by ecological testing of the toxicity of polluted soils, we applied the Collembola reproduction test to the soil from a mining site polluted by metals. Our aim was to quantify the chronic toxicity of contaminated soil using the Folsomia candida reproduction test. Briefly, the polluted soil, which contains in particular large quantities of arsenic, is mixed in variou...

Toxicity is a very very important aspect of any biochemical or pharmacological experiment. Either we develop any metallo drug or a metal suppliment measurement of toxicity of that particular substance and parent substances is very important. The toxicity of a substance can be measured in many ways. Generally it is estimated on the test animal, viz. rats, mice, cat and other animal models. Acute...