Bioengineering strategies are being developed that will provide specific and durable resistance against plant-parasitic nematodes in crops. The strategies come under three categories: (i) transfer of natural resistance genes from plants that have them to plants that do not, to mobilize the defense mechanisms in susceptible crops; (ii) interference with the biochemical signals that nematodes exc...

The foraging ecology of mammalian herbivores is strongly shaped by plant secondary compounds (PSCs) that defend plants against herbivory. Conventional wisdom holds that gut microbes facilitate the ingestion of toxic plants; however, this notion lacks empirical evidence. We investigated the gut microbiota of desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida), some populations of which specialise on highly toxic c...

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of a toxicity mitigation control strategy using the IWA simulation benchmark (Copp et al., 2002; Copp, 2001). The aim of the proposed strategy is to minimise the impact of a toxic influent shock load on process performance. To do this, the strategy makes use of a respiration rate measurement to detect toxic events and uses an equalisation tank to...

Herbicides are widely used as an important alternative to prevent excessive growth of weeds in agricultural crop land, particularly where conservation tillage is adopted. Weeds reduce crop yield and quality, interfere with cultivation and harvest operations and seem to be the most economically important of all pests with respect to sales of pesticides worldwide. As an interesting side effect, t...

Snake bite is a major health hazard that leads to high mortality and great suffering in victims. The remedies are of great interest since they may have recognizable therapeutic or toxic effects and are steeped in cultural beliefs that invariably conflict with formal health care practices. The study of the interaction between plants and people is invaluable in discovering new herbal medicines an...

14. SIEGEL, S. & REBECCA GERSCHMAN. 1959. A study of the toxic effects of elevated oxygen tension on plants. Physiol. Plantarum 12: 314-323. 15D. SIEGEL, S. & F. PORTO. 1961. Oxidants, antioxidants, & growth regulation. In: Plant Growth Regulation, R. M. Klein, ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 16. STOWE, BRUCE B. 1961. The stimulation of auxin action by lipides. In: Plant Growth Regulatio...

In soil ecotoxicological studies, a toxic metal is usually added in the form of either an inorganic or organic salt with relatively high solubility. Nitrate, chloride, acetate, or sulfate are commonly considered as valid options for that aim. However, recent studies have shown that different salts of the same metal at the same cationic concentration may exhibit different toxicities to plants an...

An Arabidopsis peptide transport gene was cloned from an Arabidopsis cDNA library by functionally complementing a yeast peptide transport mutant. The Arabidopsis plant peptide transporter (AtPTR2) allowed growth of yeast cells on dipeptides and tripeptides but not peptides four residues and higher. The plant peptide transporter also conferred sensitivity to a number of ethionine-containing, tox...

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)-type alkaloids to the toxic effects of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp) consumption in cattle. ANIMALS Sixteen 2-year-old Angus steers. PROCEDURES Plant material from 3 populations of tall larkspur that contained different concentration ratios of MDL-type-to-N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type a...

One of the key questions in understanding plant development is how single cells behave in a larger context of the tissue. Therefore, it requires the observation of the whole organ with a high spatial- as well as temporal resolution over prolonged periods of time, which may cause photo-toxic effects. This protocol shows a plant sample preparation method for light-sheet microscopy, which is chara...