o bjectives: correct determination of working length is an important step for suc- cess of endodontic therapy. conventional radiography has limitations in providing the accurate location of apical foramen. for this reason, electronic apex locators (eals) were developed to shorten the treatment time and decrease the radiation dose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of root zx ea...

abstract the lack of water is the most important problem in extensive landscape especially turfgrass in arid and semi arid regions. the root responses in native and commercial grasses under drought stress were investigated. this experiment was in a factorial experiment based on unbalanced completely random design on the year 2006. the specious that we used in this experiment included (i) commer...

this research had conducted to investigate light intensity effects on the lucky bamboo growth in islamic azad university, abhar branch. the experiment arranged as a complete randomized block design with five treatments (0.75, 1.14, 1.89, 2.29 and 4.09 mmol m-2 s-1) in ten replications. results showed that 1.89 mmol m-2 s-1 had significant differences than other treatments. the higher level of r...

OBJECTIVES This study compared the ability of several techniques to remove calcium hydroxide (CH) from the root canal and determined the influence of CH residues on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canals of 90 human maxillary lateral incisors with confirmed true working length (TWL) were prepared and filled with CH. The teeth were randomly assigned to o...

two glasshouse and field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of root system, water uptake, water use efficiency and early vigor on yield and drought tolerance of bread wheat in two successive farming seasons (2009-11). the experiments were conducted as randomized complete block design and two-year results analyzed as combined design. considerable genetic variation was observed amon...

Intensive management of pine plantations in the southeastern coastal plain typically involves weed and pest control, and the addition of fertilizer to meet the high nutrient demand of rapidly growing pines. In this study we coupled a mechanistic nutrient uptake model (SSAND, soil supply and nutrient demand) with a genetic algorithm (GA) in order to estimate the minimum addition of phosphorus ne...

Gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) provide a capacity boosts in both the total bandwidth and bandwidth efficiency through the use of larger variable-length packets in Passive Optical Networks technology. In this paper, we have described a purely-passive GPON compatible reach extender using distributed Raman amplification and reported the improved investigation through implementation of a s...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first molars with regards to patients’ age and gender with cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: a total of 149 cbct scans from 92 (67.1%) female and 57 (31.3%) male patients with mean age of 40.5 years were evaluated. tooth length, presence of root fusion, number of the ...

Although the root system is indispensable for absorption of nutrients and water, it is poorly studied in maize owing to the difficulties of direct measurement of roots. Here, 103 maize lines were used to compare root architectures under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Significant genetic variation, with medium to high heritability and significant correlations, was observed for root ...