We compute statistical properties of the stochastic entropy production associated with the nonstationary transport of heat through a system coupled to a time dependent nonisothermal heat bath. We study the one-dimensional stochastic evolution of a bound particle in such an environment by solving the appropriate Langevin equation numerically, and by using an approximate analytic solution to the ...

We obtain universal estimates on the convergence to equilibrium and the times of coupling for continuous time irreducible reversible finite-state Markov chains, both in the total variation and in the L norms. The estimates in total variation norm are obtained using a novel identity relating the convergence to equilibrium of a reversible Markov chain to the increase in the entropy of its one-dim...

We study steady compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier system in a bounded three– dimensional domain. Considering a general pressure law of the form p = (γ − 1)̺e, we show existence of a variational entropy solution (i.e. solution satisfying balance of mass, momentum, entropy inequality and global balance of total energy) for γ > 3+ √ 41 8 which is a weak solution (i.e. also the weak formulation of ...

Derivation of tight bounds for probability metrics and f -divergences is of interest in information theory and statistics. This paper provides elementary proofs that lead, in some cases, to significant improvements over existing bounds; they also lead to the derivation of some existing bounds in a simplified way. The inequalities derived in this paper relate between the Bhattacharyya parameter,...

The average contribution of conformational entropy for individual amino acid residues towards the free energy of protein folding is not well understood. We have developed empirical scales for the loss of the main-chain (torsion angles, phi and psi) conformational entropy by taking its side-chain into account. The analysis shows that the main-chain component of the total conformational entropy l...

One can increase one-quarter the area of a black hole, A/4, to exceed the total thermodynamic entropy, S, by surrounding the hole with a perfectly reflecting shell and adiabatically squeezing it inward. A/4 can be made to exceed S by a factor of order unity before the shell enters the Planck regime, though practical limitations are much more restrictive. One interpretation is that the black hol...

In the present study, non-Newtonian flow in annular pipe is considered. The analytical solution for velocity and temperature fields is presented while entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer is formulated. The third grade fluid with constant properties is accommodated in the analysis. It is found that reducing non-Newtonian parameter increases maximum velocity magnitude and m...

We examine how the mean-field ionic screening excess associated with a charged macromolecule depends upon the macromolecule’s geometric conformation and net charge. Our approach involves expanding about Debye–H€ uckel theory, which allows us to derive a series of general results that establish explicit connections between the ionic excess, non-linear screening mechanisms, and the mobile ion ent...

From the covariant bound on the entropy of partial light-sheets, we derive a version of Bekenstein’s bound: S/M ≤ πx/~, where S, M , and x are the entropy, total mass, and width of any isolated, weakly gravitating system. Because x can be measured along any spatial direction, the bound becomes unexpectedly tight in thin systems. Our result completes the identification of older entropy bounds as...