The Saccharomyces cerevisiae targets of rapamycin, TOR1 and TOR2, signal activation of cell growth in response to nutrient availability. Loss of TOR or rapamycin treatment causes yeast cells to arrest growth in early G1 and to express several other physiological properties of starved (G0) cells. As part of this starvation response, high affinity amino acid permeases such as the tryptophan perme...

One of the most fundamental aspects of growth in plants is its plasticity in relation to fluctuating environmental conditions. Growth of meristematic cells relies predominantly on protein synthesis, one of the most energy-consuming activities in cells, and thus is tightly regulated in accordance with the available nutrient and energy supplies. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway ta...

Homeostatic mechanisms operate to stabilize synaptic function; however, we know little about how they are regulated. Exploiting Drosophila genetics, we have uncovered a critical role for the target of rapamycin (TOR) in the regulation of synaptic homeostasis at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. Loss of postsynaptic TOR disrupts a retrograde compensatory enhancement in neurotransmitt...

Anterior body pattern in Drosophila is specified by the graded distribution of the bicoid protein (bcd), which activates subordinate genes in distinct anterior domains. Subsequently, transcription of these target genes is repressed at the anterior pole owing to the activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso (tor). We show that both activation by bcd and repression by tor can be reproduced b...

Mutations of the PI3K, TOR, iNOS, and NF-κB genes increase lifespan of model organisms and reduce the risk of some aging-associated diseases. We studied the effects of inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin), TOR (rapamycin), iNOS (1400W), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamate and QNZ), and the combined effects of inhibitors: PI3K (wortmannin) and TOR (rapamycin), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamates) and PI...

Tor constitutes one of the pillars of anonymous online communication. It allows its users to communicate while concealing from observers their location as well as the Internet resources they access. Since its first release in 2002, Tor has enjoyed an increasing level of popularity with now commonly more than 2,000,000 simultaneous active clients on the network. However, even though Tor is widel...

This paper introdu es a uni ed approa h to phase-type approximation in whi h the dis rete and the ontinuous phase-type models form a ommon model set. The models of this ommon set are assigned with a non-negative real parameter, the s ale fa tor. The ase when the s ale fa tor is stri tly positive results in Dis rete phase-type distributions and the s ale fa tor represents the time elapsed in one...

The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the regulation of eukaryotic cell growth. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nitrogen sources in the extracellular environment activate the TOR signaling pathway. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of TOR activity in response to extracellular nitrogen sources are poorly understood. Here, we report that degra...

The hemolytic activity of 20 classical and 3 El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1 was examined phenotypically and genetically. The El Tor strains lysed bovine, chicken, human, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes (RBCs), while the classical strains lysed only chicken and rabbit RBCs. The assay was done with RBCs in Tris-NaCl buffer, since phosphate-buffered saline was found to inhibit hemolytic activity....

The nutrient-sensing target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway appears to have a conserved role in regulating life span. This signaling network is complex, with many downstream physiological outputs, and thus the mechanisms underlying its age-related effects have not been elucidated fully. We demonstrated previously that reduced TOR signaling (intor1Delta strains) extends yeast chronological life span ...