After the 2008 economic slowdown, and with increasing assault from enterprises from emerging economies, many innovative strategic leaders of multinational enterprises are forced to radically transform their enterprises. They often choose to change from low-cost strategy to innovation-driven product differentiation strategy. In this study, we use a multi-level Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) a...

Harmonic Analysis [59] N. Bourbaki. Théories spectrales, Chapitres 1 et 2. Éléments de Mathématique,Réimpression inchangée de l’édition originale de 1967, Springer-Verlag, 2007[60] G. B. Folland. A Course in Abstract Harmonic Analysis. CRC Press, 1995[61] L. H. Loomis. An Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis. van Nostrand,1953[62] M. A. Năımark. Normed Algebras. Third ...

The information systems (IS) research community is characterized by a large diversity of research approaches and topics. Although empirical quantitative research approaches dominate (Orlikowski et al. 1991), new research strategies are on the rise. Two research strategies that have received increasing scholarly attention recently are design science research (DSR) and the grounded theory method ...

We compare a number of different object layout algorithms. Figure 1, 2, and 4 depict the results obtained by laying out 320 image objects into a 2D grid with Kernelized Sorting (our method), Self Organizing Map http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/somtoolbox/, and Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) http://www.ncrg.aston.ac.uk/GTM/. Figure 3 and 5 show the corresponding cluster members of SOM and GTM.

The purpose of this article is to classify and compare – in essence to model – a number of different types of modelling methods employed within Operations Research and the Management Sciences (OR/MS). The classification of these methods is based on a selected number of generally recognised modelling properties. On the basis of this meta-model, requirements for the successful application of diff...

The generative topographic mapping (GTM) has been proposed as a statistical model to represent high dimensional data by means of a sparse lattice of points in latent space, such that visualization, compression, and data inspection become possible. Original GTM is restricted to Euclidean data points in a vector space. Often, data are not explicitly embedded in a Euclidean vector space, rather pa...

The initial establishment of topographic mapping within developing neural circuits is thought to be shaped by innate mechanisms and is primarily independent of experience. Additional refinement within topographic maps leads to precise matching between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and is thought to depend on experiential factors during specific sensitive periods in the animal's developme...

We have assessed the role of activity in the adult frog visual system in modulating two aspects of neuronal plasticity: neurotransmitter expression and topographic map maintenance. Chronic treatment of one tectal lobe with the non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione decreased the percentage of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-IR) tectal cells in the untreated lobe ...

Methods to automatically derive landforms have typically focused on pixel-based, bottom-up approaches and most commonly on the derivation of topographic eminences. In this paper we describe an object-based, top-down algorithm to identify valley floors. The algorithm is based on a region growing approach, seeded by thalwegs with pixels added to the region according to a threshold gradient value....

The Yupno of Papua New Guinea make extensive use of topographic terms—such as uphill and downhill—for conceptualizing spatial relations (Wassmann, 1994). Given the ubiquity of topographic distinctions in everyday Yupno language, an interesting question is whether such contrasts are also used when topographic landmarks are not available, such as within traditional houses. Yupno houses have flat,...