X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is a hybrid imaging modality for detecting X-ray absorption distribution via ultrasound emission. It facilitates from single projection illumination, thus reducing the radiation exposure and improving speed. Nonuniform detector response caused by interference between multichannel data acquisition ring array transducers amplifier systems yields a...

The monetary value of gemstones is based on five variables: rarity, cut, weight, color and clarity. latter refers to internal impurities defects. Fashion may also dictate demand price. To enhance some these features value, are treated. Disclosure or nondisclosure thereof has been controversial affected consumer confidence. Most treatments difficult detect with the naked eye accurately quantify ...