Science and society would benefit enormously from comprehensive phylogenetic knowledge of the Tree of Life (ToL), a framework that includes above 1.7 million species on Earth. ToL shows how living things have evolved since the origins of life billions of years ago. With existing computational approaches, we cannot produce a global estimate of evolutionary history from molecular data of all thes...

TolR is a part of the Pal/Tol system which forms a five-member, membrane-spanning, multiprotein complex that is conserved in Gram-negative bacteria. The Pal/Tol system helps to maintain the integrity of the outer membrane and has been proposed to be involved in several other cellular processes including cell division. Obtaining the structure of TolR is of interest not only to help explain the m...

Treatment of [WH(4)(κ(4)-P4)] (3: P4 = meso-o-C(6)H(4)(PPhCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2))(2)) with aryl isothiocyanate ArNCS at 50 °C afforded the dithiocarbonimidate-isocyanide complex [W(κ(2)-S(2)CNAr)(CNAr)(κ(4)-P4)] (4) in moderate yields. The reaction also produced ArNHCH(3) and a small amount of ArNH(2). The yield of the hydrodesulfurization product ArNHCH(3) increased when the reaction was conducted u...

Environmental plasmids often expand the metabolic repertoire of bacteria that carry them, but they also interfere with the biochemical and genetic network of the host. The pWW0 plasmid born by Pseudomonas putida mt-2 encodes the TOL pathway for degradation of toluene/m-xylene through production of intermediate compounds benzoate/3-methylbenzoate. These can be also recognized as substrates by th...

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by islet constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) is a putative modulator of islet hormone secretion. We show here for the first time that the release of insulin induced byl-arginine orl-homoarginine is inhibited and that of glucagon stimulated in parallel with the rate of islet NO production. It was found thatl-homoarginine was ≈25-30% less potent thanl-arginine as an insulin...

Evidence of the relationship between altered cognitive function and depleted Fe status is accumulating in women of reproductive age but the degree of Fe deficiency associated with negative neuropsychological outcomes needs to be delineated. Data are limited regarding this relationship in university women in whom optimal cognitive function is critical to academic success. The aim of the present ...

The youngest epibathyal marine deposits in the Eastern Mediterranean Region giving Calabrian age have been recently discovered southern Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey. Hence planktic foraminifer paleoecology of surface waters has not investigated yet. This study reports assemblages two aged successions Mersin district Turkey and their ecological properties sea-surface terms various parameter...

Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli to kill closely related non-identical competing species. They have taken advantage of the promiscuity of several proteins in the cell envelope for entry into the bacterial cell. The Tol-Pal system comprises one such ensemble of periplasmic and membrane-associated interacting proteins that links the IM (inner membrane) and OM (outer m...