background: diazinon (dzn) is one of the most organophosphates (ops) insecticides that widely used in agriculture and industry. some ops are capable to produce free radicals and induce malfunction in body antioxidant systems. enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) and glutathione (gsh) normally counteract da...

Hepatoprotective efficacy of propolis extract (honeybee hive product, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied against carbon-tetrachloride-(CCl 4, 0.15 ml/kg, i.p.) induced biochemical and histopathological changes. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug was used as a positive control. Subchronic exposure to CCl 4 for 3 weeks (5 days a week) caused sharp elevation in the activity of liver enzymes i.e...

Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI) occur in different clinical conditions such as stroke, trauma, organ transplantation, and so on. Ischemia damages mainly arise from oxygen depletion in tissues. The lack of oxygen as the last acceptor of electron in the respiratory chain causes a decrease in ATP production and eventually leads to disruption of membrane transport, acidosis, cellular edema and ...

Background: Ionizing radiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important causative role in cell death. Wholebody exposure of mice to gamma radiation leads to diminution of tissue antioxidant defense systems increases the peroxidative damage to membrane lipids and damages the haematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Tempol (TPL), a cell membranep...

Abstract Background Neuroimmune responses terminate MCMV acute infection, however, a subset of neurons still harbor latent viral genomes. Factors regulating reactivation remain to be elucidated. Methods Using RNAscope, IE1 nucleic acid was detected within brains at D5 and D30 p.i. real-time RT-PCR, we assessed expression IE1, E1, gB transcripts. multi-color flow cytometry, depletion bT RMfollow...

In this investigation, diabetes was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 45 mg kg-1 of body weight. A group comprised of 8 diabetic rats was treated with metformin at 100 mg kg-1 of body weight for reducing the elevated blood glucose level. The results revealed that, in the untreated diabetic rats, the body and testicular weigh...

The recent discovery of H3K27me3 demethylases suggests that H3K27me3 may dynamically regulate gene expression, but this potential role in mammalian tissue homeostasis remains uncharacterized. In the epidermis, a tissue that balances stem cell self-renewal with differentiation, H3K27me3, occupies the promoters of many differentiation genes. During calcium-induced differentiation, H3K27me3 was er...

A segment of the HIV infected population develops abnormal and excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, including accumulation of visceral (deep abdominal) adipose tissue. This condition, known as HIV-related adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS), may also be accompanied by fat accumulation in the upper back/neck (dorsocervical region) and/or depletion of subcutaneous adipose tis...