BACKGROUND The noninvasive Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (EFVPTC) has been reclassified as Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) without a significant risk for malignant behavior. However the evaluation remains a challenge for clinicians. We sought to determine whether programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may s...

BACKGROUND The stroma in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid lesions has not been well investigated. DESIGN We studied 256 consecutive cases of thyroid FNAB prepared with traditional smear technique. The stroma was categorized: Type 1a consisted of long (more than 3 mm), broad bands composed of mesh containing collagen fibrils thickened by entrapped blood components and follicular...

TSH-suppressive therapy (ST) is part of the treatment protocol for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). There is however little evidence of its clinical effectiveness. On the other side, ST is not free from side effects related to the subclinical hyperthyroidism status induced in patients for a long time period. Because of this, widespread use of ST in all patients has recently been question...

The patient, a 79-year-old Japanese man, was diagnosed with the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia and begun on nilotinib therapy in April 2011. The therapeutic response was major molecular response in August. About 19 months after the start of nilotinib therapy at 400 mg/day (November 2012), an adenocarcinoma (24 x 20 mm) confined to the head of the pancreas developed. In February 2013,...

Historical data are presented for neoplasms and related proliferative lesions from 1,170 Sprague-Dawley rats that served as controls in 9 carcinogenicity (2 year) studies conducted in the Safety Evaluation Facility of Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, New Jersey. The most common neoplasm was pituitary adenoma, which occurred in 62.2% of the male and 84.7% of the female rats. Incidences of other n...

Background: Breast cancer coexisting with primary thyroid lymphoma is a very rare combination of multiple primary malignant neoplasms. We present an unusual case of primary thyroid extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma) occurring in a patient with breast cancer. Case presentation: A 76-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with ...

In recent years there has been an increased awareness of the genetic alterations underlying both benign and malignant neoplasms of the thyroid. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology that allows for rapid detection of a large number of genetic mutations in thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. NGS for targeted mutational analysis in thyroid tumors has been proposed...

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. The diagnosis of thyroid nodules, made by neck examination and ultrasonography, is a common event occurring in over 50% of the patient population over the age of 50. Yet, only 5% of these patients will be diagnosed with cancer. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing thyroid nodules. However, 10-15% ...