Thyroid hormones are the master regulator of body metabolism and growth. They act at molecular level to manipulate genes and cellular functions to balance the basic metabolic rate. They bind to superfamily of nuclear receptors that recognize discrete sequences of DNA and act as transcription factors (Renkawitz et al., 1996). At the cellular level, thyroid hormones act directly on the mitochondr...

C O N T E N T S ABBREVIATIONS I. Tin,on3 HORMONE MECHANISMS A. Calorigenic and anabolic effects B. Thyroid hormone entry into cells II. LIPID METAeOLISM A. Cell lipid composition B. Fatty acid synthesis 1. Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation 2. Gene expression C. NADPH generation and oxidation 1. Cytoplasm: NADP+--*NADPH 2. Mitochondria: NADP + + NADH,NADPH + NAD + 3. Microsomes: NADPH-*N...

Several problems are involved in the studies on the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones : 1) How are iodine atoms incorporated into a thyroglobulin (TG) molecule ? 2) How is the matured TG molecule built up? 3) how are carbohydrates incorporated in a TG molecule? 4) How are amino acids assembled to make up TG polypeptides? 5) How is TG hydrolyzed to produce T3 and T4 ? Recent progresses concerning...

With an increase in age, marked changes in thyroid hormone production, metabolism, and action occur. This results in an increased prevalence of (subclinical) thyroid disease in the elderly. In general, subclinical thyroid disease is associated with an increased risk of overt thyroid dysfunction and with different negative clinical parameters. In the elderly, however, it is unclear whether these...

The treatment of patient with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid consists of three stages, surgery, I 1.1.i ablation and hormone therapy. To avoid the problems mentioned in the article, initially the patient should have thyroid scan, T.1 , T4, thyroglobulin estimation and a chest x-ray, prior to surgery which should be carried out by a competent surgeon, in order that total thyroidectomy can b...

BACKGROUND Several studies have reported several platelet abnormalities in patients with sub-clinical or overt thyroid dysfunctions. The primary mechanism that affects the hemostatic balance is excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. The different ways of thyroid gland to the platelet function are not yet clearly understood. The relationship between in the thyroid gland and platelet activatio...