conclusions we revealed that thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy was associated with iugr and low apgar score even in subclinical forms. further studies are required to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases, even in subclinical form, can prevent their adverse effect on fetus. background maternal thyroid function alters during pregnancy. inadequate adaptation to th...

thyroid nodules are common, occurring in almost two-thirds of some populations; among these only about 7% are malignant. the most important question with any new discovered thyroid nodule is, “is this malignant?” the main arbiter of malignancy or benignity remains fine needle aspiration and the mainstay of treatment surgery. but given the resources involved, doing an fnac or surgery in every di...

undesired radiation exposure to caregivers is an important problem in radioiodine therapy in thyroid carcinoma patients, especially when patient is non-ambulatory. special precautions are needed to keep the exposure to caregivers low when higher dose of radioiodine is necessary. here we present a case-report of a 74-year old male patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma with local invasion and ...

the coexistence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc), papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) and parathyroid adenoma is an uncommon clinical entity. here, we report a case of mtc, ptc, and parathyroid adenoma diagnosed incidentally on a routine physical examination of the neck for the work-up of diabetes. the patient had neither symptoms of hypercalcemia nor those related to mtc and ptc.

introduction: cauda equina secondary to metastatic follicular thyroid cancer of the lumbosacral area is a rare entity.   case report: we report an unusual case of a 52-year-old male who presented with backache, lower limb weakness, and perianal numbness. a ct-scan of the lumbosacral area showed an enhancing mass at the l4, l5 and s1 vertebrae. histopathology after excision revealed a metastatic...

conclusions for the first time to our knowledge, we have reported a severe retropharyngeal and upper mediastinum cellulitis, probably due to the fna procedure in an immunocompetent young woman. case presentation a thirty-five-year-old female was admitted to hospital with hoarseness, laryngeal stridor and dyspnea without fever that emerged about 3 days after a first diagnostic fna. after the pro...

about 8% of the general population suffers from autoimmune diseases, from which 78% are women. one of the most important causes of thyroid diseases is autoimmunity in origin, and it seems that people with thyroid diseases present more signs of asthma. this study was therefore designed to investigate the frequency of autoimmune thyroid diseases in women suffering from bronchial asthma. in a cros...

objective: due to the increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes and also this fact that antibodies could potentially identify subjects at risk of thyroid dysfunction, this study was conducted to investigate thyroid autoimmunity in type 2 diabetic patients. material and methods: among patients referred to yazd diabetes research center, 4000 type 2 diabetic pati...