Context: People do not always make health-related decisions which reflect their best interest - best interest being defined as the decision they would make if they carefully considered the options and fully understood the information available. A substantial literature has developed in behavioral economics and social psychology that seeks to elucidate the patterns in individual decision-making....

information asymmetry and conflicts of interest between management and shareholders lead to the phenomenon of moral hazard. moral hazard means that the managers may make some decisions (e.g. investment decisions) that do not meet the interests of shareholders. inefficient investment decisions include over or under-investment in firms’ labor and utilize the non-optimal number of human resources ...

Pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. This paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. The amount of market demand is influenced ...