OBJECTIVE To estimate influenza-associated mortality in urban China. METHODS Influenza-associated excess mortality for the period 2003-2008 was estimated in three cities in temperate northern China and five cities in the subtropical south of the country. The estimates were derived from models based on negative binomial regressions, vital statistics and the results of weekly influenza virus su...

Since cities become more complex and some of large cities are likely to be polycentric, a better understanding of cities requires a clear topology that reveals how city centers are spatially distributed and interacted. The identification of city center that aims to find out accurate location of city center or delineate city center with a precise boundary becomes vital. This work attempts to ach...

The objective of this evaluation was to review the evolution and process of city health development planning (CHDP) in municipalities participating in the Healthy Cities Network organized by the European Region of the World Health Organization. The concept of CHDP combines elements from three theoretical domains: (a) health development, (b) city governance and (c) urban planning. The setting wa...

S ince the 1990s, China has undergone astonishing economic growth, and its extensive urbanization has become one of the most striking development signatures anywhere in the world. With the world's largest urban population, China's urbanization experience provides meaningful insights on future urban development in other countries. 1 Because China has an extremely low per-capita land area, constr...

Local policy adoptions provide an excellent opportunity to test among potential mechanisms of policy diffusion. By examining three types of antismoking policy choices by the 675 largest U.S. cities between 1975 and 2000, we uncover robust patterns of policy diffusion, yielding three key findings. First, we distinguish among and find evidence for four mechanisms of policy diffusion: learning fro...

CONTEXT Although human rights abuses have been reported in Iraq, the full scope of these abuses has not been well documented. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of human rights abuses since 1991 in southern Iraq, along with attitudes about women's health and human rights and women's rights and roles in society, to inform reconstruction and humanitarian assistance efforts in Iraq. DESIGN Cro...

Can you imagine a city that feels, understands, and cares about your wellbeing? Future cities will reshape human behavior in countless ways. New strategies and models of urban spaces are required for creating future cities to properly respond to human activity, environmental conditions, and market dynamics. Persuasive urban systems will play an important role in making cities more livable and r...

 Background: Social health is considered as a significant dimension of health and, hence, its assessment is vital in health planning. Within this context, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring individual’s social health in Iran. To do so, an exploratory sequential mixed method was used. Methods: To establish the item pool and primary scale, 30 interviews with expe...

The global Milky Stork population has undergone a rapid decline with current estimated of 5500 individuals remaining worldwide. In Malaysia, populations have declined more than 90% over the last 20 years and less fiveindividuals being observed recently in Pulau Kelumpang Trong, known habitats Matang Forest Reserve. GIS application is used to analyse habitat selection study area. 16 different st...

This study quantifies the vegetation impact on urban meteorology by means of numerical model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model). The assessment was made for two months: July January. These were considered as representative summer winter seasons, reference year 2015 in three European cities: Bologna, Milano, Madrid. Two simulations at 1 km resolution conducted over cities with without ...