Sheared toroidal rotation is found to increase the ideal external kink stability limit, thought to be the ultimate performance limit in fusion tokamaks. However, at rotation speeds approaching a significant fraction of the Alfvén speed, the toroidal rotation shear drives a Kelvin–Helmholtz-like global plasma instability. Optimizing the rotation profile to maximize the pressure before encounteri...

Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors (RAFIs) are lipophilic inverted-cone-shaped molecules thought to antagonize the membrane curvature transitions that occur during virus-cell fusion and are broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses (Broad-SAVE). Here, we show that RAFIs act like membrane-binding photosensitizers: their antiviral effect is dependent on light and the generation of sing...

objective(s) staphylococcus aureus is a foremost source of numerous nosocomial and community acquired infections. antibiotic therapy for vancomycin resistant s. aureus (vrsa) can not promise the eradication of infections. since adhesion is the major route of infections, adhesin based vaccine could suppress s. aureus infections. fibronectin binding protein a (fnbpa) and clumping factor a (clfa) ...

The auxin efflux carrier EIR1 (also known as AGR and AtPIN2) is a key mediator of the response of Arabidopsis roots to gravity [1,2]. This response is thought to require the establishment of a transient auxin gradient in the root meristem, resulting in differential cell elongation [3]. Recent reports suggest that EIR1 is essential for the asymmetric distribution of auxin in the root meristem [4...

Fusion frames are valuable generalizations of discrete frames. Most concepts of fusion frames are shared by discrete frames. However, the dual setting is so complicated. In particular, unlike discrete frames, two fusion frames are not dual of each other in general. In this paper, we investigate the structure of the duals of fusion frames and discuss the relation between the duals of fusion fram...

An unexpected link has been found between two molecules that were thought to perform seemingly unrelated functions. The AMPA-subclass glutamate receptor GluR2 interacts with the membrane-fusion protein NSF in a manner that appears important for receptor-mediated intracellular signalling.

The study of the c$k$-fusions frames shows that the emphasis on the measure spaces introduces a new idea, although some similar properties with the discrete case are raised. Moreover, due to the nature of measure spaces, we have to use new techniques for new results. Especially, the topic of the dual of frames  which is important for frame applications, have been specified  completely for the c...

The spontaneous fusion of vesicles at nerve terminals produces random miniature postsynaptic potentials (quantal responses) that are thought to have little functional significance. In this issue of Neuron, Sharma and Vijayaraghavan provide evidence that exogenous signals can accelerate and synchronize the occurrence of quanta strongly enough to activate postsynaptic neurons in what may be a new...

Neurotransmitter release is mediated by the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Fusion is triggered by a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration and is dependent on the neuronal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptor) complex. A plethora of molecules such as members of the MUNC13, MUNC18, complexin and synaptota...