Phylogenetic relationships between the known genera of the order Misophrioida permit the identi® cation of two lineages: one consisting of the family Misophriidae Brady, 1878 which comprises seven genera, and a new, monotypic family, the Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; the other consisting of another new family, the SpeleophriidaeBoxshall & Jaume, 1999, comprising eight genera. Habitat ex...

Soils in permafrost regions contain twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, and permafrost has an important influence on the natural and built environment at high northern latitudes. The response of permafrost to warming climate is uncertain and occurs on time scales longer than those assessed by direct observation. We dated periods of speleothem growth in a north-south transect of caves in Sib...

Pseudonannolene spelaea n. sp. is the first strictly cave-dwelling species described for the family Pseudonannolenidae. It is found in iron ore caves in the Brazilian Amazon. The family Pseudonannolenidae is exclusively Neotropical and frequently found in caves of Brazil, from which 20 species are known. The new species is compared with its congeners and with related cave-dwelling species. The ...

Cave studies have traditionally relied heavily on ethnographic or ethnohistoric analogy to understand the sacred context ofM~soamericancaves. What is little understood are the behavioral processes that produced the artifact assembla?es In c~ves and the nature ofthe relationship between caves and their ancient users residing in surrounding surface sztes. Thzs study demonstrates that caves can pr...

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate coping strategies advocated by experienced animal shelter workers who directly engaged in euthanizing animals. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION Animal shelters across the United States in which euthanasia was conducted (5 to 100 employees/shelter). PROCEDURES With the assistance of experts associated with the Humane Society of the United S...

OBJECTIVE The study examined changes in the use of shelters in New York City by mentally ill persons with a history of homelessness who received housing placements through the New York-New York (NY/NY) housing initiative between 1990 and 1999 and the impact of the initiative on the overall demand for shelter beds in the city. METHODS Computerized service records on housing, shelter use, and h...

Previous behavioral studies (Minichiello et al., Neuron 1999;24:401-414) showed that mice deficient for the TrkB receptor in the forebrain were unable to learn a swimming navigation task with an invisible platform and were severely impaired in finding a visible platform in the same setup. Likewise, additional behavioral deficits suggested a malfunction of the hippocampus and proximally connecte...

Siega Verde was the third open-air rock art site to be discovered in Iberian Peninsula, even before Côa and controversy that followed discovery. Its practicable size study carried out without any publicity allowed analysis of a new reality would change interpretation Palaeolithic art. From start research, stylistic criteria were used date absence archaeological excavations. Although this has of...

Hard substrates host globally a rich biodiversity, orders of magnitude higher in species number than that in surrounding soft substrates. Among them, marine caves support unique biodiversity and fragile communities but suffer lack of quantitative data on their structure and function, hindering their conservation status assessment. A first approach to the non-destructive ecological monitoring of...