Callery pear ( Pyrus calleryana ) is an invasive tree across much of the eastern United States that can form dense thickets, and branches stems are often covered in sharp thorns. Landowners land managers attempting to manage callery infestations faced with challenge killing and/or removing trees while also avoiding thorn damage equipment, which lead wasted time increased costs. We evaluated fir...

Homobasidiomycetes include approximately 13,000 described species of mushroom-forming fungi and related taxa. The higher-level classification of this ecologically important group has been unsettled for over 100 years. The goals of the present study were to evaluate a recent phylogenetic classification by Hibbett and Thorn that divided the homobasidiomycetes into eight major unranked clades, and...

commutes up to homotopy where T is the map that exchanges factors. Let L be a space and let be a fibration over L classified by a mapf L BF (the classifying space of stable spherical fibrations). We can form the Thom spectrum T(f) of f as a suspension spectrum by letting (T(f)) be the Thorn complex of L n--YBFn where L is the n-skeleton of L. This makes T(f)-{(T(f))n) into a suspension spectrum...

Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) were assessed in the Golestan Province population of the critically - endangered museum specimens of Persian mountain salamander, Paradactylodon gorganensis (Clergue-Gazeau and Thorn, 1979) from Northeastern Iran using skeletochronology. LAGs were clearly discernable in the tibia and femur bone cross-sections and could be interpreted for age determination. The nu...

by the Greeks, the ' word akantha meaning thorn, thistle, or spine. Of some of the stylized ornaments it is rather . difficult to say whether they were fashioned after one of the thistles, the Acanthus spi: nosus and mollis, or were just imaginary designs. Many thistle-like ; plants, for instance cer? : tain species of silybum, carduus, and cirsium, The Acanthus spino, were known to grow of Dio...

The original and subsequent reports concerning the clinical effects of cortisone and ACTH (Hench and others, 1949; Thorn and others, 1949; Freyberg, 1950; Thorn and others, 1950a, b, and c; Sprague and others, 1950; Hench and others, 1950) clearly indicate that these hormones have profound effects in the human, producing great benefit on various rheumatic states so long as the hormone is admini...

A risk assessment of vegetation zone responses to climate change was conducted using the classical Holdridge life zone model on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. The results show that there are currently ten vegetation zones occurring on the Loess Plateau (1950–2000), including alvar desert, alpine wet tundra, alpine rain tundra, boreal moist forest, boreal wet forest, cool temperate desert...

The evolution of thorn-like structures in plants on oceanic islands that lack mammalian and reptilian herbivores is puzzling, as is their tendency toward juvenile-adult leaf dimorphism. We propose that these traits arose in Cyanea (Campanulaceae) on Hawaii as mechanical and visual defenses against herbivory by flightless geese and goose-like ducks that were extirpated by Polynesians within the ...