service oriented enterprises (soes) are subject to constant change and variation. in this paper, the changes are considered from an economic perspective based on service culture notion. once a change is implemented, the costs of some member services may increase, whereas the costs of some other services may reduce. we construct a game theoretic model trying to capture the possible conflicting i...

We construct an algorithm that permits a large group of individuals to reach consensus on a random number, without having to rely on any third parties. The algorithm works with high probability if there are less than 50% of colluding parties in the group. We describe also some modifications and generalizations of the algorithm.

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The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

A one-dimensional spatial model of electoral competition with regional parties is considered, where parties only want to win constituencies. With no regional parties and only two national parties, the median voter theorem holds. But when we consider one national party and one regional party for each of the two regions, then the median voter theorem breaks down. Equilibrium is characterized unde...

In certain parliamentary democracies, there are two major parties that move in and out of power every few elections, and a third minority party that essentially never governs. We present a simple model to account for this phenomenon, in which minority party supporters sometimes vote ideologically (for their party) and sometimes strategically (against the party they like the least). The competit...

We propose a solution that provides protection for patients' electronic health/medical records disseminated among different authorized healthcare information systems. The solution is known as Active Bundles using a Trusted Third Party (ABTTP). It is based on the use of trusted third parties, and the construct named active bundles. The latter keep electronic health/medical records as sensitive d...

Civil remedies are procedures and sanctions, specified by civil statutes and regulations, used to prevent or reduce criminal problems and incivilities. Civil remedies generally aim to persuade or coerce nonoffending third parties to take responsibility and action to prevent or end criminal or nuisance behavior. Early examples of civil remedy approaches typically targeted non-offending third par...

We present a prospect theory model to explain why power transitions do not necessarily lead to war. We find that three major mechanisms prevent the occurrence of potential power transition wars. First, the dual boiling frog effects occurring in the middle range of capability catching-up rate prevent a dominant state from preempting and a rising state from challenging the other side. Second, div...